In this paper, we argue that incubators facilitate access to external financing for their incubatees. Incubators use a wide range of activities to facilitate the accessing of external financing from public and private sources. We have grouped these into two sets of activities. The general activities aim to develop the conditions for external financing through information, education of incubatees, network-building and lobbying activities. The specific activities aim to assist the individual incubatee in their pursuit of external finance through help in application procedures, establishing need for capital, making contacts with the best public or private investor, etc. Based on the survey data, we have also shown that it is more common for incubatees to attract external capital compared to non-incubator firms. The incubatees seem especially successful in attracting public capital. The incubatees also attract more private external capital, however, the observed frequency of private capital in the incubatees are low.
Although Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has made our lives more comfortable, it has also increased threats to our privacy by making the processing and storing of personal information more convenient and economical. Consequently, a huge demand has been created for the proper handling of personal information. Some countries have introduced data protection and privacy legislation measures to ensure the proper handling of personal information. Data controllers deploy organisational and technological measures to protect personal information. Technologists are then involved in designing, implementing and operating these measures to a great extent. It has been shown, however, that a knowledge gap exists between legal privacy advocates and technologists who protect personal information. In order to hold a healthy dialogue, a common platform must be created for technologists and legal privacy advocates. This paper proposes a methodology for bridging the knowledge gap between technologists and legal privacy advocates. This platform facilitates a way for both parties to have a fruitful dialogue.
The paper investigates in what way and to what extent Taiwan has been able to develop a commercial aerospace industry and the formation of an internationally competitive supplier system, i.e. high-tech cluster. The development of such an industry has been much more difficult than expected. Since the late 1990s there have been signs that a supplier system is under development, but there are great challenges ahead, amid a fierce international competition.
Recently, offset contracts have become more complex. For the seller to carry through and review the effects and the demands of an offset contract, they need a framework.The paper identifies five main differences between outsourcing and related offset, which are translated into activities to be included in a suggested related offset framework. The paper is based on an in-depth case study of a related offset business at Saab, a Swedish military aircraft producer. The analysis compared the studied case with an existing outsourcing process identified in literature. The paper contributes by providing an overview of the activities taking place during a related offset process and showing the effect of the different hierarchical levels involved in the process on the efficiency of the fulfilment of the offset business. This paper is based on a single case study, and the suggested differences should be verified through further case studies.
In this study, we test the knowledge corridor theory as an explanation of university professors' involvement in the early stages of research commercialisation. A statistical analysis was made of a sample of full professors from the engineering, natural sciences and medical faculties at a large public university in Sweden. The analysis shows that not only entrepreneurial experience but also private sector work experience significantly influence the ability to identify and develop business ideas based on research. Moreover, the analysis shows that research–based business idea generation increases faster for professors with private sector work experience who as well have more time for research in their positions.
Industry–University (I–U) collaboration, is becoming recognised as a critical form of learning alliance, and an essential instrument to gain speed and flexibility in innovation, while reducing cost in R&D. A key question emerging in this context is: How can the different organisational requirements for exploration vs. exploitation be addressed in I–U collaborations to secure creation, transfer and implementation of innovation? In this paper, I will and propose a theoretical framework to enhance our understanding of how to organise the balance between exploration and exploitation in I–U collaborations to allow for public to private sector knowledge/technology transfer.