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  • 1. Aalto, Y
    et al.
    Forsgren, S
    Kjorell, U
    Bergh, J
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Franzen, L
    Henriksson, R
    Enhanced expression of neuropeptides in human breast cancer cell lines following irradiation1998In: Peptides, Vol. 19, p. 231-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Aaltonen, Kirsimari
    et al.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Salonen, Laura
    Fjällskog, Marie Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Heikkilä, Pävi
    Nevanlinna, Heli
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Reliability of cyclin A assessment on tissue microarrays in breast cancer compared to conventional histological slides2006In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 94, no 11, p. 1697-1702Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cyclin A has in some studies been associated with poor breast cancer survival, although all studies have not confirmed this. Its prognostic significance in breast cancer needs evaluation in larger studies. Tissue microarray (TMA) technique allows a simultaneous analysis of large amount of tumours on a single microscopic slide. This makes a rapid screening of molecular markers in large amount of tumours possible. Because only a small tissue sample of each tumour is punched on an array, the question has arisen about the representativeness of TMA when studying markers that are expressed in only a small proportion of cells. For this reason, we wanted to compare cyclin A expression on TMA and on traditional large sections. Two breast cancer TMAs were constructed of 200 breast tumours diagnosed between 1997-1998. TMA slides and traditional large section slides of these 200 tumours were stained with cyclin A antibody and analysed by two independent readers. The reproducibility of the two readers' results was good or even very good, with kappa values 0.71-0.87. The agreement of TMA and large section results was good with kappa value 0.62-0.75. Cyclin A overexpression was significantly (P<0.001) associated with oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negativity and high grade both on TMA and large sections. Cyclin A overexpression was significantly associated with poor metastasis-free survival both on TMA and large sections. The relative risks for metastasis were similar on TMA and large sections. This study suggests that TMA technique could be useful to study histological correlations and prognostic significance of cyclin A on breast cancer on a large scale.

  • 3. Aaltonen, Kirsimari
    et al.
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Heikkilä, Päivi
    Aittomäki, Kristiina
    Tamminen, A.
    Nevanlinna, Heli
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    High cyclin B1 expression is associated with poor survival in breast cancer2009In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 100, no 7, p. 1055-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cyclin B1 regulates the G(2)-M transition of the cell cycle. Cyclin B1 expression is higher in premalignant and malignant than normal breast lesions. Correlation of cyclin B1 expression with other histopathological variables and prognostic role in breast cancer are not fully understood. Traditionally used prognostic criteria identify large subset of patients to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and to be exposed to adverse effects. A reliable and simple method helping prognostic evaluation in breast cancer is needed. We analysed cyclin B1 expression on 1348 invasive breast cancers and studied correlations with other histopathological variables and survival. High cyclin B1 correlated with high tumour grade, large tumour size and positive nodal status, oestrogen and progesterone receptor negativity, positive HER2 and p53 status, young age at diagnosis, and high cyclin E, cyclin A and Ki67 expression. Among patients not given adjuvant chemotherapy high cyclin B1 was a strong predictor of shorter overall and metastasis-free survival (RR 3.74, P<0.0005 and RR 3.51, P<0.0005, respectively), and remained as an independent prognostic factor also in multivariate analysis (RR 1.80, P=0.04 and RR 2.31, P=0.02, respectively). This study suggests high cyclin B1 associates with aggressive phenotype and is an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer.

  • 4. Aaltonen, Kirsimari
    et al.
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Landberg, Göran
    Eerola, Hannaleena
    Aittomäki, Kristiina
    Heikkilä, Päivi
    Nevanlinna, Heli
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Cyclin D1 expression is associated with poor prognostic features in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer2009In: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, ISSN 0167-6806, E-ISSN 1573-7217, Vol. 113, no 1, p. 75-82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cyclins D1 and E play an important role in breast carcinogenesis. High cyclin E expression is common in hormone receptor negative and high grade aggressive breast cancer, whereas cyclin D1 in hormone receptor positive and low grade breast cancer. Experimental data has suggested that cyclin D1 and E mediate cell proliferation by different mechanisms in estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative breast cancer. To test this hypotheses in large breast cancer material and to clarify the histopathological correlations of cyclin E and D1, especially the association with proliferation, we analyzed cyclin E and D1 immunohistochemical expression on breast tumour microarrays consisting of 1348 invasive breast cancers. High cyclin D1 expression was associated with high grade (P<0.0005), high cyclin A (P<0.0005) and Ki67 (P<0.0005) expression among ER positive but with low grade (P=0.05) and low Ki67 (P=0.01) expression among ER negative breast cancers. Cyclin E and D1 expression correlated positively in ER positive (P<0.0005) but had a negative correlation in ER negative tumours (P=0.004). Cyclin E associated with high grade among all tumours (P<0.0005). In conclusion, the findings of this study show that cyclin D1 has separate roles, and proliferation is driven by different mechanisms in ER positive and negative breast cancers.

  • 5. Aaltonen, Kirsimari
    et al.
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology.
    Eerola, Hannaleena
    Aittomäki, Kristiina
    Heikkilä, Päivi
    Nevanlinna, Heli
    Familial breast cancers without mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have low cyclin E and high cyclin D1 in contrast to cancers in BRCA mutation carriers2008In: Clinical Cancer Research, ISSN 1078-0432, E-ISSN 1557-3265, Vol. 14, no 7, p. 1976-83Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: We analyzed the expression of critical cell cycle regulators cyclin E and cyclin D1 in familial breast cancer, focusing on BRCA mutation-negative tumors. Cyclin E expression in tumors of BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers is higher, and cyclin D1 expression lower, than in sporadic tumors. In familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors, cyclin E and cyclin D1 expression has not been studied. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cyclin E and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression was studied in tissue microarrays consisting of 53 BRCA1, 58 BRCA2, 798 familial non-BRCA1/2, and 439 sporadic breast tumors. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, BRCA1 tumors had significantly more frequently high cyclin E (88%) and low cyclin D1 (84%) expression than sporadic (54% and 49%, respectively) or familial non-BRCA1/2 (38% and 45%, respectively) tumors. BRCA2 tumors had significantly more frequently low cyclin D1 expression (68%) than sporadic or familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors and significantly more frequently high cyclin E expression than familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors. In a logistic regression model, cyclin expression, early age of onset, and estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status were the independent factors most clearly distinguishing tumors of BRCA1 mutation carriers from other familial breast cancers. High cyclin E and low cyclin D1 expression were also independent predictors of BRCA2 mutation when compared with familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors. Most interestingly, lower frequency of high cyclin E expression independently distinguished familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors also from sporadic ones. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin E and cyclin D1 expression distinguishes non-BRCA1/2 tumors from both sporadic and BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated tumors and may reflect different predisposition and pathogenesis in these groups.

  • 6. Aaltonen, P
    et al.
    Brahme, A
    Lax, I
    Levernes, S
    Naslund, I
    Reitan, JB
    Turesson, I
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Specification of dose delivery in radiation therapy. Recommendation by the Nordic Association of Clinical Physics (NACP).1998In: Acta Oncol., Vol. 36 Suppl 10, p. 1-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 7. Aalto-Setälä, Katriina
    et al.
    Palomäki, Heikki
    Miettinen, Helena
    Vuorio, Alpo
    Kuusi, Timo
    Raininko, Raili
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Salonen, Oili
    Kaste, Markku
    Kontula, Kimmo
    Genetic risk factors and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: role of common variation of the genes encoding apolipoproteins and angiotensin-converting enzyme1998In: Annals of Medicine, ISSN 0785-3890, E-ISSN 1365-2060, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 224-33Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    DNA polymorphisms in genes encoding apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, C-III, B and E and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) have been proposed to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied whether the same genetic markers would also be associated with the occurrence and extent of atherosclerosis in cervical arteries. DNA samples from 234 survivors of stroke or a transient ischaemic attack aged 60 years or less were examined. The presence of atherosclerosis was assessed using aortic arch angiograms. The SstI polymorphism of apoA-I/C-III gene locus, the XbaI polymorphism of apoB gene, common apoE phenotypes and the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene were analysed. The allele frequencies of the apoA-I/C-III, apoB, apoE or ACE gene did not differ between the groups with (n = 148) or without (n = 85) cervical atherosclerosis. However, when patients with at least one apoE4 allele and one X2 allele of apoB were combined and compared with those without either of them (E2E3 or E3E3 and X1X1), a significant association with the presence of cervical atherosclerosis was found (P = 0.03). The patients having the E2E3 phenotype had a significantly elevated serum triglyceride level compared with those with the E3E3 phenotype (P = 0.03). Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in the patients with the E2E3 phenotype than in those with the E3E3 and E3E4 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.06, respectively). The apoB or ACE genotypes were not significantly associated with serum lipid or lipoprotein levels. There was no association between the ACE gene polymorphism and the occurrence of hypertension. In conclusion, the interaction of common apoB and apoE alleles may increase the risk of atherosclerosis in cervical arteries.

  • 8.
    Abbasinejad Enger, Shirin
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Dosimetry Studies of Different Radiotherapy Applications using Monte Carlo Radiation Transport Calculations2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Developing radiation delivery systems for optimisation of absorbed dose to the target without normal tissue toxicity requires advanced calculations for transport of radiation. In this thesis absorbed dose and fluence in different radiotherapy applications were calculated by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.

    In paper I-III external neutron activation of gadolinium (Gd) for intravascular brachytherapy (GdNCB) and tumour therapy (GdNCT) was investigated. MC codes MCNP and GEANT4 were compared. MCNP was chosen for neutron capture reaction calculations. Gd neutron capture reaction includes both very short range (Auger electrons) and long range (IC electrons and gamma) products. In GdNCB the high-energetic gamma gives an almost flat absorbed dose delivery pattern, up to 4 mm around the stent. Dose distribution at the edges and inside the stent may prevent stent edge and in-stent restenosis. For GdNCT the absorbed dose from prompt gamma will dominate over the dose from IC and Auger electrons in an in vivo situation. The absorbed dose from IC electrons will enhance the total absorbed dose in the tumours and contribute to the cell killing.

    In paper IV a model for calculation of inter-cluster cross-fire radiation dose from β-emitting radionuclides in a breast cancer model was developed. GEANT4 was used for obtaining absorbed dose. The dose internally in cells binding the isotope (self-dose) increased with decreasing β-energy except for the radionuclides with substantial amounts of conversion electrons and Auger electrons. An effective therapy approach may be a combination of radionuclides where the high self-dose from nuclides with low β-energy should be combined with the inter-cell cluster cross-fire dose from high energy β-particles.

    In paper V MC simulations using correlated sampling together with importance sampling were used to calculate spectra perturbations in detector volumes caused by the detector silicon chip and its encapsulation. Penelope and EGSnrc were used and yielded similar results. The low energy part of the electron spectrum increased but to a less extent if the silicon detector was encapsulated in low z-materials.

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  • 9.
    Abbasinejad Enger, Shirin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Fortin, Marc-André
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Munck af Rosenschöld, Per
    Dosimetry for gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT)Manuscript (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Abbasinejad Enger, Shirin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Munck af Rosenschöld, Per
    Rezaei, Arash
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Monte Carlo calculations of thermal neutron capture in gadolinium: a comparison of GEANT4 and MCNP with measurements.2006In: Medical Physics, ISSN 0094-2405, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 337-341Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Abbasinejad Enger, Shirin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Rezaei, Arash
    Munck af Rosenschöld, Per
    Lundqvist, Hans
    Gadolinium neutron capture brachytherapy (GdNCB), a new treatment method for intravascular brachytherapy.2006In: Medical Physics, ISSN 0094-2405, Vol. 33, no 1, p. 46-51Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Abdsaleh, S
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology. Radiologi.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, P G
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology. Radiololgi.
    Behaviour of the 2.1-mm (14 G) automated biopsy needle in phantoms.2002In: Acta Radiol, ISSN 0284-1851, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 225-9Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Abdsaleh, S
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology. Radiologi.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, P G
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology. Radiologi.
    Ultrasound-guided large needle core biopsy of the axilla.2004In: Acta Radiol, ISSN 0284-1851, Vol. 45, no 2, p. 193-6Article in journal (Other scientific)
  • 14.
    Abdsaleh, S
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, PG
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Semiautomatic core biopsy. A modified biopsy technique in breast diseases.2003In: Acta Radiol, Vol. 44, p. 47-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Core Biopsy of Breast and Axillary Lesions: Technical and Clinical Aspects2006Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aims of this work were to image and analyze the needle behavior at automated core biopsy, to investigate the clinical utility of an alternative core biopsy technique using a semiautomated gun in breast and axillary lesions, and also to compare core biopsy with surgical specimens in malignant breast lesions regarding histologic features and hormone receptor expression.

    In two experimental studies, using butter and silicon phantoms, respectively, the needle pass was imaged and its dynamic behavior studied. It was shown that the needle took a curved course in phantoms. It deviated to the same side as where the tip lay, and the degree of the curvature increased with increasing hardness of the phantoms. Our experimental methods can be applied for imaging of needle behavior and thereby improvement of needle configuration.

    In two clinical studies, a semiautomated gun was used for large needle core biopsy of breast and axillary lesions in two series of 145 and 21 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of malignancy was 87% (108/124), and in 37% (31/83) of cases the full length of the needle notch was filled with specimen. No injury to the neurovascular structures of the axillary area was observed. It was concluded that the semiautomated gun can be used as an alternative to the automated gun when the size and location of the lesion render use of the automatic device uncertain or dangerous, e.g., in small breast lesions or lesions located in the axilla.

    In a series of 129 cases of breast cancer, comparison of core biopsy and surgical specimens showed that core biopsy provided enough information on the histologic type and grade of the lesions. Also, there was moderate to high concordance between the two methods for assessment of progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors (Spearman`s kappa 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).

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  • 16.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Astrom, Gunnar
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Brenning, Gunilla
    Department of Medical Sciences.
    Ahlstrom, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    MR Imaging in Diagnosis of Primary Lymphedema.1996In: 1996 Scientific Program RSNA, p. 419-Article, book review (Other scientific)
  • 17.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, PG
    Behaviour of the 2.1-mm (14 G) Automated Biopsy Needle in Phantoms.2002In: Acta Radiologica, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 225-229Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, PG
    Semiautomatic Core Biopsy.: A Modified Biopsy Technique in Breast Diseases.2003In: Acta Radiologica, Vol. 44, no 1, p. 47-51Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, PG
    Ultrasound-guided Large Needle Core Biopsy of the Axilla.2004In: Acta Radiologica, Vol. 45, no 2, p. 193-196Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Carlsson, T
    Fateh-Alavi, K
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, PG
    Dynamic Behaviour of Core Biosy Needle:: High-speed Video Imaging of the Needle Course in Silicon Phantoms.Manuscript (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Abdsaleh, Shahin
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Wärnberg, F
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Azavedo, E
    Lindgren, PG
    Amini, RM
    Comparison of Core Needle Biopsy and Surgical Specimens in Malignant Breast Lesions Regarding Histologic Features and Hormone Receptor Expression.Manuscript (Other academic)
  • 22. Abramsson-Zetterberg, L
    et al.
    Zetterberg, G
    Bergqvist, Michael
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Grawe, J
    Human cytogenetic biomonitoring using flow-cytometric analysis ofmicronuclei in transferrin-positive immature peripheral bloodreticulocytes.2000In: Environ Mol Mutagen, Vol. 36, p. 22-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 23. Adami, Hans-Olov
    et al.
    Tsai, Shirng-wern
    Lambe, Mats
    Hsich, Chung-cheng
    Adami, Johanna
    Trichopoulus, Dimitrios
    Melbye, Mads
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Pregnancy and risk of non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma: a prospective study1997In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 70, no 2, p. 155-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The etiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), is likely to be related to immune function. In the light of the established immunologic effects of a pregnancy, we decided to examine the risk of NHL and CLL in relationship to full-term pregnancies. Within a nationwide cohort we identified 1,546 women with NHL and 198 women with CLL, all 15 years or older, born 1925-1972. Five age-matched controls were selected for each case patient. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios after mutual adjustment for number of births and age at first birth. We found a weak, negative association between parity and risk of NHL (p for trend 0.11) and a transient, 10-40% decrease in risk within 5-14 years after the last birth among women with various parity status. The risk of CLL decreased more markedly, and orderly with increasing parity, but the trend was not significant (p = 0.18). Small numbers of cases with CLL prevented more detailed analyses of temporal relationships. Age at first birth appeared unrelated to the risk of both NHL and CLL. We conclude that the immunologic alterations associated with a pregnancy have limited, if any, relevance to the etiology of NHL and CLL; changing reproductive pattern is an unlikely contributor to the marked increase in incidence of NHL seen in many populations.

  • 24.
    Adami, Johanna
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Frisch, Morten
    Yuen, Jonathan
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Melbye, Mads
    Evidence of an association between non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma and skin cancer1995In: BMJ (Clinical research ed.), ISSN 0959-8138, Vol. 310, no 6993, p. 1491-1495Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE--To investigate a possible link between exposure to ultraviolet light and the almost epidemic increase in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma worldwide. Because ultraviolet light is known to cause skin cancers, the association between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and skin cancer was studied. DESIGN--Secondary occurrence of either malignant melanoma or squamous cell skin cancer in cohorts of patients with a first diagnosis of either non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and vice versa, were studied. Expected numbers of subsequent cancers were calculated by sex, age, and period specific national incidence rates multiplied by the person years under observation in the cohorts. SETTING--Denmark (1943-89) and Sweden (1958-89). SUBJECTS--Four population based cohorts identified in the nationwide cancer registries (34,641 people with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 17,400 with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 34,989 with malignant melanoma, 25,980 with squamous cell skin cancer). A total of 562,085 person years were accrued for the analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The ratios of observed to expected cancers (the standardised incidence ratio) served as a measure of the relative risk. RESULTS--The relative risk for developing squamous cell skin cancer was 5.5 (95% confidence interval 4.6 to 6.6) among patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 8.6 (7.2 to 10.3) among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The relative risks remained high over more than 15 years of follow up. Relative risks for malignant melanoma were 2.4 (1.8 to 3.2) for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 3.1 (2.1 to 4.4) for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. After squamous cell skin cancer had been diagnosed there was a twofold excess risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. By contrast, in each of the cohorts the general cancer risks excluding skin and lymphoproliferative malignancies were close to the expected. CONCLUSIONS--The occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and skin cancer are strongly associated; this supports the hypothesis that the secular increase in exposure to ultraviolet light may have contributed to the increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in recent decades.

  • 25. Adami, Johanna
    et al.
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Cnattingius, Sven
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences.
    Ekbom, A.
    Zahm, S.H.
    Linet, M.
    Zack, M.
    Maternal and perinatal factors associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among children1996In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 65, no 6, p. 774-777Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This nested case-control study based on 1.7 million live births in Sweden explores the associations between maternal and perinatal factors and the occurrence of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The National Swedish Cancer Registry ascertained 168 cases in successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1989 recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. From the nationwide Birth Registry, 5 controls without NHL and alive at the date the case was diagnosed were randomly selected from the pool of children, with each case matched by gender, birth year and birth month. Standardized information on selected maternal and perinatal factors up to one month after delivery were recorded in the Medical Birth Registry. Mothers of children with NHL were more likely than mothers of controls to have undergone Cesarean section [Odds ratio (OR) 1.6] and to have been exposed to paracervical anesthesia during delivery (OR 1.8). Children with NHL were more likely than controls to have endocrine-metabolic disorders (OR 3.3). This study is one of the largest focusing on the etiology of childhood NHL. Most of the maternal and perinatal characteristics studied did not markedly affect risk for childhood NHL, which may be due to maternal and perinatal factors not included in these data or to exposures later in life.

  • 26. Adami, Johanna
    et al.
    Gridley, Gloria
    Nyrén, Olof
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Dosemeci, Mustafa
    Linet, Martha
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Ekbom, Anders
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Zahm, Shelia Hoar
    Sunlight and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a population-based cohort study in Sweden1999In: International Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0020-7136, E-ISSN 1097-0215, Vol. 80, no 5, p. 641-645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Indirect evidence, notably ecological comparisons and an association with skin cancer, links non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with exposure to sunlight. We conducted a population-based, nationwide cohort study with exposure to outdoor work inferred from job titles reported in the population and housing censuses in 1960 and/or 1970 and by classifying each individual's work and home addresses according to latitude. Follow-up for cancer incidence was accomplished through record linkages with the virtually complete Swedish Cancer Registry. The cohort included all Swedish residents who were recorded as gainfully employed in both censuses. Altogether 4,171,175 individuals contributing 69,639,237 person-years accrued through 1989 were included in the analyses. We identified 10,381 cases of NHL, 4,018 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 11,398 cases of malignant melanoma (MM) and 11,913 cases of squamous cell skin cancer (SCC). We calculated age-adjusted relative risks for NHL, CLL, MM and SCC in strata based on estimated residential and occupational sunlight exposure. Interaction effects were considered for pesticide and solvent exposure. NHL, MM and SCC, but not CLL, were positively associated with increasingly southerly residential latitude, with stronger associations seen for skin cancer compared to NHL. Occupational sun exposure was not associated with the risk of developing any of the studied cancers. Pesticides and solvents also were not related to an increased risk of NHL, nor did these exposures enhance effects of residential or occupational sunlight exposure. Our results provide some support for an association of sunlight exposure with NHL incidence based on the associations seen using geographic latitude of residence as a proxy for exposure. Although type of occupation may be an imperfect index of the biologically relevant ultraviolet (UV) light dose, our data on individual exposure are not consistent with an important role of sunlight in the etiology of NHL.

  • 27. Adami, Johanna
    et al.
    Gäbel, H.
    Lindelöf, B.
    Ekström, K.
    Rydh, B.
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Ekbom, A.
    Adami, Hans-Olov
    Granath, F.
    Cancer risk following organ transplantation: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden2003In: British Journal of Cancer, ISSN 0007-0920, E-ISSN 1532-1827, Vol. 89, no 7, p. 1221-1227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A substantial excess risk of lymphomas and nonmelanoma skin cancer has been demonstrated following organ transplantation. Large sample size and long follow-up time may, however, allow more accurate risk estimates and detailed understanding of long-term cancer risk. The objective of the study was to assess the risk of cancer following organ transplantation. A nationwide cohort study comprising 5931 patients who underwent transplantation of kidney, liver or other organs during 1970-1997 in Sweden was conducted. Complete follow-up was accomplished through linkage to nationwide databases. We used comparisons with the entire Swedish population to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), and Poisson regression for multivariate internal analyses of relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, we observed 692 incident first cancers vs 171 expected (SIR 4.0; 95% CI 3.7-4.4). We confirmed marked excesses of nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR 56.2; 95% CI 49.8-63.2), lip cancer (SIR 53.3; 95% CI 38.0-72.5) and of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (SIR 6.0; 95% CI 4.4-8.0). Compared with patients who underwent kidney transplantation, those who received other organs were at substantially higher risk of NHL (RR 8.4; 95% CI 4.3-16). Besides, we found, significantly, about 20-fold excess risk of cancer of the vulva and vagina, 10-fold of anal cancer, and five-fold of oral cavity and kidney cancer, as well as two- to four-fold excesses of cancer in the oesophagus, stomach, large bowel, urinary bladder, lung and thyroid gland. In conclusion, organ transplantation entails a persistent, about four-fold increased overall cancer risk. The complex pattern of excess risk at many sites challenges current understanding of oncogenic infections that might become activated by immunologic alterations.

  • 28. Adami, Johanna
    et al.
    Nyrén, Olof
    Bergström, Reinhold
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Statistics.
    Ekbom, Anders
    Engholm, Göran
    Englund, Anders
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Smoking and the risk of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (Sweden)1998In: Cancer Causes and Control, ISSN 0957-5243, E-ISSN 1573-7225, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 49-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While several epidemiologic studies have indicated a link between smoking and the risk of developing hematolymphoproliferative cancers (chiefly leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myelomas), in particular myeloid leukemia, the role of tobacco in the etiology of these neoplasms remains unclear. To evaluate the potential impact of tobacco use on development of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, we conducted a cohort study of 334,957 Swedish construction workers using prospectively collected exposure-information with complete long-term follow-up. A total of 1,322 incident neoplasms occurred during the study period, 1971-91. We found no significant association between smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked, or duration of smoking and the risk of developing leukemias, lymphomas, or multiple myeloma. There was a suggestion of a positive association between smoking and the risk of developing Hodgkin's disease, although the rate ratios were not significantly elevated, except for young current smokers. No positive dose-risk trends emerged. Our study provides no evidence that smoking bears any major relationship to the occurrence of leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, or multiple myeloma.

  • 29. Adami, Johanna
    et al.
    Nyrén, Olof
    Bergström, Reinhold
    Ekbom, Anders
    McLaughlin, Joseph
    Hogman, Claes
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Fraumeni, Joseph F.
    Glimelius, Bengt
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Blood transfusion and non-Hodgkins lymphoma: Lack of association1997In: Annals of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0003-4819, E-ISSN 1539-3704, Vol. 127, no 5, p. 365-371Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the seventh most commonly diagnosed malignant condition worldwide, and its incidence has increased markedly in recent decades. Blood transfusions have been implicated as a possible risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether blood transfusions are associated with an elevated risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. DESIGN: Population-based, nested case-control study. SETTING: Nationwide cohort in Sweden. PATIENTS: 361 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 705 matched controls, nested within a population-based cohort of 96795 patients at risk for blood transfusion between 1970 and 1983. Prospectively collected information on exposure was retrieved from computerized transfusion registries. MEASUREMENTS: Odds ratios obtained from conditional logistic regression models were used as measures of relative risks. RESULTS: No association was found between blood transfusions and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma when patients who had received transfusions were compared with patients who had not received transfusions (odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.71 to 1.23]). A reduction in risk was seen among persons who received transfusion of blood without leukocyte depletion (odds ratio, 0.72 [CI, 0.53 to 0.97]). Risk was not related to number of transfusions, and no interaction was seen with latency after transfusion. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study do not support previous observations of an association between blood transfusions and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

  • 30.
    Adde, Magdalena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas: Studies of Treatment, FDG-PET Evaluation and Prognostic Factors2009Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    To improve outcome in young, high-risk lymphoma patients, treatment was intensified, adding etoposide and rituximab to standard CHOP treatment. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) enabled treatment bi-weekly. Results were promising: overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) 79% and 60% respectively, median follow up 27 months. Single infusion Ara-C, contrary to expectations, did not prevent relapse in CNS.

    DLBCL were classified as germinal center (GC) or non-GC derived, using immunohistochemical markers, CD10, BCL6 and MUM1. We investigated the outcome for both phenotypes after adding rituximab to chemotherapy. For 106 patients treated with CHOP alone, the GC phenotype displayed significantly better OS and EFS. In contrast, GC phenotype did not predict outcome in 95 patients treated with immunochemotherapy . Thus, addition of rituximab seems to eliminate the prognostic value of immunohistochemically defined GC phenotypes in DLBCL.

    To improve evaluation and find non-responders, mid-treatment FDG-PET CT was incorporated into clinical routine for patients with high-risk aggressive lymphoma. For those with positive PET, biopsy followed by treatment intensification was recommended. Twenty-five patients were examined, five with positive PET. Two of these had lymphoma in the biopsy. Two had a negative biopsy, and one had a false positive investigation. Seven patients had increased uptake of uncertain significance. Two patients with uncertain PET, and two with negative PET have relapsed, giving a negative predictive value of 85%.

    In case of relapse of aggressive lymphoma or if not obtaining CR, high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (HDT) is standard treatment. HDT outcome for 38 patients with transformed follicular lymphoma was compared to outcome for 79 patients with de novo B-cell lymphoma. At median follow-up of 11.5 years both OS and EFS were superior in the transformed group, OS 67% and 33%, EFS 55% and 27% respectively. Treatment related mortality was less than reported in other studies.

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  • 31.
    Adde, Magdalena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Hagberg, Hans
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Sundström, Christer
    Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Laurell, Anna
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Outcome for young high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CHOEP-14 and rituximab (R-CHOEP-14).2006In: Med Oncol, ISSN 1357-0560, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 283-93Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Adde, Magdalena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Laurell , Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Eriksson, Mikael
    Department of oncology Lund University Hospital.
    Hagberg , Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Carlson, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Superior outcome in transformed follicular lymphoma compared to de novo aggressive B-cell lymphoma treated with high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell supportManuscript (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To assess the outcome of high–dose therapy with autologous stem cell support (HDT) in patients with transformed follicular lymphoma compared to patients with de novo aggressive B-cell lymphoma, in a retrospective analysis of patients treated at two Swedish university hospitals.

    Patients and Methods: 117 patients, mean age 48 years (21-65), 79 with de novo aggressive B-cell lymphoma and 38 with transformed follicular lymphoma, were treated with high-dose-therapy (HDT) as consolidation. Thirteen patients with transformed follicular lymphoma had been treated with a single alkylating agent and 25 were chemonaive at transformation. After transformation, nine patients had HDT as part of first line aggressive therapy, and a further eight failed to obtain CR and had HDT upfront. Twenty-one patients received more than one treatment regimen before HDT. In the de novo aggressive lymphoma group five patients with high risk criteria, and 16 patients who failed to obtain CR, received HDT upfront (CR1), Fifty-eight patients received more than one regimen before HDT because of relapse. Rituximab was given as a single dose to five patients for in vivo purging of the stem cell graft.

    Results: With a median follow up of 11.5 years (8-20), event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 35% and 44% respectively. When comparing the two groups, the ten- year EFS rates were 27% in the de novo group and 55% in the transformed group and the ten-year OS was 33 % and 67% respectively. Treatment related mortality was acceptable with 4% early and 3.5% late mortality. In a multivariate analysis, “transformed vs de novo aggressive” histopathology was the only factor significantly related to outcome.

    Conclusion: Both EFS and OS were much better in patients with transformed follicular lymphoma compared to patients with de novo aggressive B-cell lymphoma Although the introduction of rituximab certainly has improved the outcome in both groups, HDT should still be considered as a salvage strategy not only in cases of de novo aggressive B-cell lymphoma and especially in transformed follicular lymphoma relapsing after first line treatment..

  • 33.
    Adde, Magdalena
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Sörensen, Jens
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Laurell, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Hagberg, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Enblad, Gunilla
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Åström, Gunnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Little usefullness of mid-treatment FDG-PET and biopsy for treatment intensification in patients with aggressive lymphomaManuscript (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To evaluate the experiences of introducing mid-treatment FDG-PET in patients with aggressive lymphoma, in a population based program with decentralized examinations, with emphasis on finding patients who would benefit from dose-escalation.

    Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients with aggressive lymphoma were included. Twenty-four (95%) of these having an aggressive B-cell lymphoma (84% diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) were treated with CHOP-like treatment given at two week intervals + rituximab. One patient having an anaplastic T-cell lymphoma was treated with CHOEP-14. Mid-treatment FDG-PET was performed and assessed as positive, uncertain or negative for remaining lymphoma. The intention was to perform a biopsy in those with a positive FDG-PET, and, to change to a platina-containing therapy and consolidate with high-dose therapy if viable lymphoma was found. Retrospective review of the PET investigations was done. Living patients were followed for a median of 22 months.

    Results: At primary analysis five patients (20%) had positive uptake on FDG-PET. Two of them had biopsy-proven viable tumor but did not complete the planned salvage treatment, one due to chemotherapy toxicity and one due to progressive disease during salvage therapy. Two patients had a negative biopsy and one patient had no biopsy due to technical difficulties at diagnosis. These three patients remain in remission after standard treatment. Out of seven patients (28%) having “uncertain” uptake two relapsed. Thirteen patients (52%) were negative,two of whom relapsed giving a negative predictive value of 85%.

    Conclusion: Mid-treatment FDG PET-CT in order to find patients with biopsy-proven aggressive lymphoma, who can be salvaged with dose escalation, was not feasible in clinical routine.

  • 34.
    Agerberg, Per A.
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Hagberg, Hans
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Elvin, Anders
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Lindgren, PG
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    A safe method for biopsy of the spleen with a 1.2 mm biopty-cut needle.1995In: European Radiology, Vol. 5, p. 195-Article, book review (Other scientific)
  • 35. Agnarsdóttir, Margrét
    et al.
    Bolander, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Hedstrand, Håkan
    Strömberg, Sara
    Bergqvist, Michael
    Ponten, Fredrik
    Sooman, Linda
    Hesselius, Patrik
    Ekman, Simon
    Lennartsson, Johan
    Uhlen, Mathias
    Altered Expression of the Transcription Factor SOX10 in Superficial Spreading and Nodular Malignant MelanomasManuscript (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Agnarsdóttir, Margrét
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Ponten, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Garmo, Hans
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Wagenius, Gunnar
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Mucci, Lorelei
    Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA .
    Magnusson, Kristina
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Molecular and Morphological Pathology.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Eaker-Fält, Sonja
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences.
    MITF as a Prognostic Marker in Cutaneous Malignant MelanomaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) protein has a central role in the differentiation and survival of melanocytes. The aim of the study was to investigate whether MITF can be employed as a prognostic marker in patients operated on for cutaneous malignant melanoma.

    Methods: A cohort study design based on information collected from population-based registers. For included patients tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry were employed to study the protein expression of MITF in the primary malignant melanoma tumors by estimating the fraction of positive tumor cells and the staining intensity.

    Results: The vast majority of tumors expressed MITF in >25% of the tumor cells with a strong staining intensity and looking at these factors individually these patients had a better prognosis. When cell fraction and intensity were combined a high-risk group dying of malignant melanoma was identified as those with 25% -75% of tumor cells staining with weak intensity and those with <25% of tumor cells staining with strong intensity. However, the majority of the deaths occurred in the lower risk groups.

    Conclusions: Although a high-risk group for death in malignant melanoma was identified we conclude that MITF is not useful as a prognostic marker because of the distribution of that particular expression in the population.

    Impact: Our results indicate a bi-phasic pattern of MITF expression and although not useful as a prognostic marker these results are in line with other experimental studies and are relevant to explore further.

     

  • 37.
    Agnarsdóttir, Margrét
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Sooman, Linda
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Bolander, Åsa
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Strömberg, Sara
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Rexhepaj, Elton
    UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland.
    Bergqvist, Michael
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Pontén, Fredrik
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Gallagher, William
    UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland.
    Lennartsson, Johan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research.
    Ekman, Simon
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Oncology.
    Uhlen, Mathias
    Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedstrand, Håkan
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology.
    SOX10 expression in superficial spreading and nodular malignant melanomas2010In: Melanoma research, ISSN 0960-8931, E-ISSN 1473-5636, Vol. 20, no 6, p. 468-478Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SOX10 is a transcription factor expressed in nerve cells and melanocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression pattern of SOX10 in malignant melanoma tumors and to analyze whether the results correlated with clinical parameters and the proliferation marker Ki-67. Furthermore, proliferation and migration were analyzed in three different cell lines employing SOX10 small interfering RNA-mediated silencing. Expression patterns were determined in 106 primary tumors and 39 metastases in addition to 16 normal skin samples and six benign nevi employing immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays. The immunohistochemical staining was evaluated manually and with an automated algorithm. SOX10 was strongly expressed in the benign tissues, but for the malignant tumors superficial spreading melanomas stained stronger than nodular malignant melanomas (P=0.008). The staining intensity was also inversely correlated with T-stage (Spearman's ρ=-0.261, P=0.008). Overall survival and time to recurrence were significantly correlated with SOX10 intensity, but not in multivariate analysis including T-stage. With the automated algorithm there was an inverse correlation between the SOX10 staining intensity and the proliferation marker, Ki-67 (ρ=-0.173, P=0.02) and a significant difference in the intensity signal between the benign tissues, the primary tumors and the metastases where the metastases stained the weakest (P≤0.001). SOX10 downregulation resulted in variable effects on proliferation and migration rates in the melanoma cell lines. In conclusion, the SOX10 intensity level differed depending on the tissue studied and SOX10 might have a role in survival. No conclusion regarding the role of SOX10 for in-vitro proliferation and migration could be drawn.

  • 38. Agular-Santelises, Rottenberg, ME., Lewin, N, M
    et al.
    Mellstedt, H,
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Jondal, M,
    Bcl-2, bax and p53 expression in B-CLL in relation to in vitro survival and clinical progression1996In: Int J Cancer, Vol. 69, p. 114-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Ahlgren, Johan
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Studies on Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Status in Invasive Breast Cancer2002Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females in Sweden. Axillary lymph-node dissection is a standard procedure in the management of breast cancer, aiming at obtaining prognostic information for adjuvant therapy decisions. Axillary dissection entails considerable morbidity. The aims of this study were to establish more selective surgical approaches and to investigate angiogenesis, a potential predictor for lymph-node metastases and prognosis.

    Clinical nodal status, tumour size and S-phase were associated with nodal metastases in cohort of 1145 women. The proportion of nodal metastases was 13% in the subgroup with the lowest risk.

    In a study from two registries, 675 and 1035 breast cancers ≤10 mm diagnosed by screening mammography had nodal metastases in 6,5% and 7%, respectively. Clinically detected cancers had a risk of 16% and 14%, respectively.

    In a study on 415 women, a 5-node biopsy of the axilla had a sensitivity of 97,3% and a false negative rate of 2,7% in comparison with axillary dissection.

    Six sections from 21 breast cancers were analysed for microvessel density (MVD). The inter-section variation contributed more to the total variance than inter-tumour variation, 45,0% and 37,3%, respectively.

    In a cohort of 315 women, breast cancers with high MVD more frequently had p53 mutations (27,1%) compared with cases with low MVD (18,4%). This difference was not statistically significant (p=0,075). p53 mutations were associated with a worse outcome, whereas MVD was not.

    In conclusion, women with screening detected ≤10 mm breast cancers have a low risk of lymph node metastases and some may not need axillary dissection in the future. The 5-node biopsy could be an alternative to axillary dissection. MVD is associated with methodological weaknesses and routine use is not recommended.

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  • 40.
    Ahlgren, Sara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Andersson, Kristofer
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Tolmachev, Vladimir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Kit formulation for 99mTc-labeling of recombinant anti-HER2 Affibody molecules with a C-terminally engineered cysteine2010In: Nuclear Medicine and Biology, ISSN 0969-8051, E-ISSN 1872-9614, Vol. 37, no 5, p. 539-546Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Molecular imaging of HER2-expression in malignant tumors provides potentially important information for patient management. Affibody molecules have shown to be suitable tracers for imaging applications using SPECT or PET. Results from an earlier evaluation of the application of site specific 99mTc-labeling on the Affibody molecule, ZHER2:2395-C, were favorable.

    Methods: As a preparation for clinical application of this tracer we have developed and evaluated a robust single-vial freeze-dried kit, allowing labeling of the Affibody molecule, ZHER2:2395-C, with 99mTc.

    Results: The composition of the kit (containing glucoheptonate, EDTA and tin(II)-chloride), as well as the protein amount and the pertechnetate volume were optimized for a high labeling yield (> 90 %) and minimal presence of reduced hydrolyzed technetium colloids (< 1 %). The specificity to HER2 receptors, the binding competence and the stability in PBS and murine serum were verified in vitro. The shelf-life was also evaluated in vitro, showing no reduction in labeling yield or binding capacity to HER2-expressing cells after over 400 days of storage of the single-vial freeze-dried kit.

    Conclusions: ZHER2:2395-C labeled with 99mTc using the lyophilized kit was stable and resulted in a favorable biodistribution in an in vivo evaluation in normal NMRI mice.

  • 41.
    Ahlgren, Sara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Orlova, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Rosik, Daniel
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sandström, Mattias
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Sjöberg, Anna
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Baastrup, Barbro
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Widmark, Olof
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fant, Gunilla
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Feldwisch, Joachim
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tolmachev, Vladimir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Evaluation of maleimide derivative of DOTA for site-specific labeling of recombinant affibody molecules2008In: Bioconjugate chemistry, ISSN 1043-1802, E-ISSN 1520-4812, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 235-243Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Affibody molecules are a new class of small (7 kDa) scaffold affinity proteins, which demonstrate promising properties as agents for in vivo radionuclide targeting. The Affibody scaffold is cysteine-free and therefore independent of disulfide bonds. Thus, a single thiol group can be engineered into the protein by introduction of one cysteine. Coupling of thiol-reactive bifunctional chelators can enable site-specific labeling of recombinantly produced Affibody molecules. In this study, the use of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tris-acetic acid-10-maleimidoethylacetamide (MMA-DOTA) for 111 In-labeling of anti-HER2 Affibody molecules His 6-Z HER2:342-Cys and Z HER2:2395-Cys has been evaluated. The introduction of a cysteine residue did not affect the affinity of the proteins, which was 29 pM for His 6-Z HER2:342-Cys and 27 pM for Z HER2:2395-Cys, comparable with 22 pM for the parental Z HER2:342. MMA-DOTA was conjugated to DTT-reduced Affibody molecules with a coupling efficiency of 93% using a 1:1 molar ratio of chelator to protein. The conjugates were labeled with 111 In to a specific radioactivity of up to 7 GBq/mmol, with preserved binding for the target HER2. In vivo, the non-His-tagged variant 111 In-[MMA-DOTA-Cys61]-Z HER2:2395-Cys demonstrated appreciably lower liver uptake than its His-tag-containing counterpart. In mice bearing HER2-expressing LS174T xenografts, 111 In-[MMA-DOTA-Cys61]-Z HER2:2395-Cys showed specific and rapid tumor localization, and rapid clearance from blood and nonspecific compartments, leading to a tumor-to-blood-ratio of 18 +/- 8 already 1 h p.i. Four hours p.i., the tumor-to-blood ratio was 138 +/- 8. Xenografts were clearly visualized already 1 h p.i.

  • 42.
    Ahlgren, Sara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Tolmachev, Vladimir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Radionuclide molecular imaging using affibody molecules2010In: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, ISSN 1389-2010, E-ISSN 1873-4316, Vol. 11, no 6, p. 581-589Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current way to increase efficacy of cancer therapy is the use of molecular recognition of aberrantly expressed gene products for selective treatment. However, only a fraction of the patients have tumors with a particular molecular target. Radionuclide imaging of molecular targets might help to stratify patient for cancer treatment. Affibody molecules are scaffold proteins, which can be selected for high affinity recognition of proteinaceous molecular targets. The capacity to re-fold under physiological conditions allows labeling of Affibody molecules in a broad range of pH and temperatures with preserved binding properties. Peptide synthesis or introduction of a unique cysteine enables site-specific labeling of Affibody molecules, resulting in uniform conjugates with well-defined pharmacological characteristics. The small size (7 kDa) of Affibody molecules provides rapid extravasation, rapid tumor penetration, and rapid clearance of unbound tracer from healthy organs and tissues. In combination with sub-nanomolar affinity, this results in high contrast in vivo imaging a few hours after injection. Excellent targeting has been demonstrated in pre-clinical studies with HER2-targeting Affibody molecules labeled with (99m)Tc and (111)In for single photon computed tomography (SPECT), and (18)F, (64)Cu, (124)I and (68)Ga for positron emission tomography (PET). Pilot clinical data confirm the high potential of Affibody molecules.

  • 43.
    Ahlgren, Sara
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences.
    Wållberg, Helena
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Tran, Thuy A.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Widström, Charles
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Section of Medical Physics.
    Hjertman, Magnus
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abrahmsén, Lars
    Affibody AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Berndorff, Dietmar
    Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.
    Dinkelborg, Ludger M.
    Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.
    Cyr, John E.
    Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany.
    Feldwisch, Joachim
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Orlova, Anna
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Tolmachev, Vladimir
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Biomedical Radiation Sciences.
    Targeting of HER2-expressing tumors with a site-specifically 99mTc-labeled recombinant affibody molecule, ZHER2:2395, with C-terminally engineered cysteine2009In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine, ISSN 0161-5505, E-ISSN 1535-5667, Vol. 50, no 5, p. 781-789Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) expression in malignant tumors provides important information influencing patient management. Radionuclide in vivo imaging of HER2 may permit the detection of HER2 in both primary tumors and metastases by a single noninvasive procedure. Small (7 kDa) high-affinity anti-HER2 Affibody molecules may be suitable tracers for SPECT visualization of HER2-expressing tumors. The use of generator-produced (99m)Tc as a label would facilitate the prompt translation of anti-HER2 Affibody molecules into use in clinics. METHODS: A C-terminal cysteine was introduced into the Affibody molecule Z(HER2:342) to enable site-specific labeling with (99m)Tc. Two recombinant variants, His(6)-Z(HER2:342)-Cys (dissociation constant [K(D)], 29 pM) and Z(HER2:2395)-Cys, lacking a His tag (K(D), 27 pM), were labeled with (99m)Tc in yields exceeding 90%. The binding specificity and the cellular processing of Affibody molecules were studied in vitro. Biodistribution and gamma-camera imaging studies were performed in mice bearing HER2-expressing xenografts. RESULTS: (99m)Tc-His(6)-Z(HER2:342)-Cys was capable of targeting HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts in SCID mice, but the liver radioactivity uptake was high. A series of comparative biodistribution experiments indicated that the presence of the His tag caused elevated accumulation in the liver. (99m)Tc-Z(HER2:2395)-Cys, not containing a His tag, showed low uptake in the liver and high and specific uptake in HER2-expressing xenografts. Four hours after injection, the radioactivity uptake values (percentage of injected activity per gram of tissue [%IA/g]) were 6.9 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SD) %IA/g in LS174T xenografts (moderate level of HER2 expression) and 15 +/- 3 %IA/g in SKOV-3 xenografts (high level of HER2 expression). The corresponding tumor-to-blood ratios were 88 +/- 24 and 121 +/- 24, respectively. Both LS174T and SKOV-3 xenografts were clearly visualized with a clinical gamma-camera 1 h after injection of (99m)Tc-Z(HER2:2395)-Cys. CONCLUSION: The Affibody molecule (99m)Tc-Z(HER2:2395)-Cys is a promising tracer for SPECT visualization of HER2-expressing tumors.

  • 44.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Cyclin A and cyclin E as prognostic factors in early breast cancer2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Due to early detection and the use of screening programs approximately 60% of all new cases lack lymph node involvement. Today, a substantial proportion of these women will be offered adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. However, better proliferation markers are needed to predict patient outcome and to avoid overtreatment.

    Cyclin A, cyclin E and Ki-67 are all markers for proliferation and involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. Overexpression has been associated with disease recurrence in several studies, but the results have not been consistent. However, none of these studies has investigated aberrant expression of cyclin E (the expression of cyclin E during phases of the cell cycle other than late G1 and early S-phase). Studies have shown that aberrant cyclin E might provide additional prognostic information compared to cyclin E alone.

    The aims of this thesis were 1.to investigate the prognostic value of cyclin A, cyclin E and aberrant cyclin E in early breast cancer. 2.to validate the tissue microarray (TMA) technique for cyclin A and 3.to define the most optimal cut-off values for cyclin A and Ki-67.

    We found that the agreement of TMA and large section results was good with kappa values 0.62-0.75 and that the reproducibility of the two readers’ results was good or even very good, with kappa values 0.71 – 0.87.

    The optimal cut-off value for cyclin A average was 8% and for cyclin A maximum value 11%. The corresponding values for Ki-67 were 15 and 22%.

    Neither cyclin E nor aberrant cyclin E was a prognostic factor in low-risk node negative breast cancer patients.

    Finally, we conclude that cyclin A is a prognostic factor in node negative breast cancer (univariate analysis average value OR=2.9 95% CI 1.8-4.6; maximum value OR=3.7 95% CI 2.3-5.9).

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  • 45.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Aaltonen, Kirsimari
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Nevanlinna, Heli
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Ki67 and cyclin A as prognostic factors in early breast cancer: What are the optimal cut-off values?2007In: Histopathology, ISSN 0309-0167, E-ISSN 1365-2559, Vol. 51, no 4, p. 491-498Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS: To find the optimal cut-off values for cyclin A and Ki67 in early breast cancer tumours and to evaluate their prognostic values. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tissue microarray (TMA) slides were constructed from 570 T1-4 N0-1 M0 breast cancer tumours. The TMA slides were stained for cyclin A and Ki67 using immunohistochemistry with commercial antibodies. To investigate the optimal cut-off values for cyclin A, Ki67 average and maximum values the material was split into two parts at cut-offs defined by dividing it into deciles. For each cut-off value the relative risk (RR) for metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated comparing patients with high versus low cyclin A or Ki67 expression. When using a cut-off value around the seventh decile, cyclin A and Ki67 score correlated with the highest RR ratio for MFS in the chemotherapy-naïve subgroup. Among patients having received adjuvant chemotherapy, no statistically significant differences in MFS or OS were found. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal cut-off value for cyclin A average is 8% and for cyclin A maximum value 11%; for Ki67 the corresponding values are 15% and 22%. Additional studies are needed to verify these results.

  • 46. Ahlin, Cecilia
    et al.
    Fernö, Mårten
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm.
    Tolockiene, Egle
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Bergh, Jonas
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Ki-67 och cyklin A – prognostiska faktorer vid bröstcancer: Dags att införa proliferationsmarkörer i klinisk rutin2010In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 107, no 10, p. 672-675Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Gruhne, Bettina
    Holmqvist, Marit
    Zetterberg, Anders
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Aberrant expression of cyclin E in low-risk node negative breast cancer2008In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 47, no 8, p. 1539-1545Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Cyclin E is a cell cycle regulatory protein which occurs in G1, peaks in late G1 and is degraded in early S-phase. Cyclin E overexpression appears to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in breast cancer. Material and Methods. Nuclear cyclin A is a reliable marker for S-and G2-phases. Consequently, aberrant expression of cyclin E can be detected by simultaneous immunostainings for cyclin A and cyclin E. Studies have shown that aberrant cyclin E might provide additional prognostic information compared to that of cyclin E alone. This study aimed to investigate cyclin E and aberrant cyclin E expression in low-risk node negative breast cancer. We compared women that died from their breast cancer (n=17) with women free from relapse>8 years after initial diagnosis (n=24). All women had stage I, low risk breast cancer. The groups were matched regarding tumour size, receptor status, adjuvant chemotherapy and tumour differentiation. Tumour samples were analysed regarding expression of cyclin A, cyclin E and double-stained tumour cells using immunoflourescence staining and digital microscopy. Results. No differences were seen regarding expression of cyclin E or aberrant cyclin E in cases compared to controls. Discussion. We conclude that neither cyclin E nor aberrant cyclin E is a prognostic factor in low-risk node negative breast cancer patients.

  • 48.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Zhou, Wenjing
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Holmqvist, Marit
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Endocrine Surgery.
    Nilsson, Cecilia
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology. Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Medicinska och farmaceutiska vetenskapsområdet, centrumbildningar mm , Centre for Clinical Research, County of Västmanland.
    Jirström, Karin
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Pathology.
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Uppsala University, Disciplinary Domain of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Cyclin A is a proliferative marker with good prognostic value in node-negative breast cancer2009In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, ISSN 1055-9965, E-ISSN 1538-7755, Vol. 18, no 9, p. 2501-2506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Proliferative markers are not recommended as prognostic   factors for clinical use in breast cancer due to lack of   standardization in methodology. However, proliferation is driving   several gene expression signatures emphasizing the need for a reliable   proliferative marker IF or clinical use. Studies suggest that cyclin A   is a prognostic marker with satisfying reproducibility. We investigated   cyclin A as a prognostic marker in node-negative breast cancer using   previously defined cutoff values.   Patients and Methods: In a case-control study, we defined 190 women who   died from breast cancer as cases and 190 women alive at the time for   the corresponding case's death as controls. Inclusion criteria were   tumor size <= 50 mm, no lymph node metastases and no adjuvant   chemotherapy. Tumor tissues were immunostained for cyclin A using   commercially available antibodies.   Results: We found a statistically significant association between   expression of cyclin A and breast cancer death in a univariate model:   odds ratio for cyclin A(ave) 2.7 [95% confidence interval (CI),   1.7-4.3] and cyclin A(max) 3.4 (CI, 2.1-5.5). Corresponding odds ratio   for Ki67 were Ki67(ave) 1.9 (CI, 1.2-3.1) and Ki67(max) 1.7 (CI,   1.1-2.7) and for grade 3.1 (CI, 1.8-5.1). Cyclin A was strongly   correlated to Ki67 and grade why a model including all was not   appropriate.   Conclusions: Cyclin A is a prognostic factor for breast cancer death in   node-negative patients using standardized methodology regarding scoring   and cutoff values. Adding cyclin A as a proliferative marker to established clinicopathologic factors will improve the separation of  low and high risk breast cancer.

  • 49.
    Ahlin, Cecilia
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Zhou, Wenjing
    Holmqvist, Marit
    Jirström, Karin
    Blomqvist, Carl
    Amini, Rose-Marie
    Fjällskog, Marie-Louise
    Is cyclin A a prognostic factor in node negative breast cancer?Manuscript (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Ahlstrom, H
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Malmstrom, PU
    Department of Surgical Sciences.
    Letocha, H
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Andersson, J
    Langstrom, B
    Nilsson, S
    Uppsala University, Medicinska vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology.
    Positron emission tomography in the diagnosis and staging of urinary bladder cancer.1996In: Acta Radiol., Vol. 37, p. 180-Article in journal (Refereed)
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