The aim of this study was to examine how the interviewed primary teachers in two schools situated in the Stockholm area understand themselves as teachers in relation to their image of the good teacher. The research questions were: 

• How do the informants discuss their image of the good teacher? 
• How do the informants describe their own role as a teacher?

A qualitative method, by interviews made with four primary teachers, was used to collect data for the examination. The results from the interviews were analyzed and discussed from the theories and earlier research concerning the role of the teacher and what they describe as the good teacher. The theoretical connection of this study was based on the theories of Vygotsky, Piaget, Bruner, Dewey, Dreikurs, Kounin and Glasser concerning the relationship between the role of the teacher and learning. The conclusions of this study was that the four primary teacher’s image of the good teacher match their description of their own role as a teacher, and so does the most of the earlier research on the subject. Teachers must possess a broad competence and contiously control a lot. I believe that teachers’ personal characteristics in some cases can affect the quality of teaching and the pupils’ learning but I think that it is primarily the teacher’s attitude to their professional role and the teaching quality in itself that contributes to learning. An extrovert or humble teacher is not necessarily a better teacher than those who do not have these characteristics, but who carries on a teaching marked by orderliness and commitment. I do not think there is a definitive link between a teaching that contributes to learning and the personal characteristics that are often associated with the good teacher.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the attitude of four teachers to leadership in the classroom. The main research questions asked were:

• What are the teachers` views on leadership in the classroom?
• What does good versus  bad leadership mean to the teachers?
• What factors influence the teachers' leadership in the classroom, according to themselves?

The method used is the qualitative method and interviews, which is my empirical material, I relate to different theories and previous research of leadership.

The curriculum for the compulsory school system, the pre-school class and the leisure-time centre, Lpo 94, says a lot about how both the school and the teacher must pursue a democratic activity; the teacher must have a democratic leadership in the classroom (Lpo 94, s. 5). At school, the pupils should be met with respect, they should feel safe and be motivated to learn. They must constantly develop and have lots of opportunities to experience the joy of making progress (Lpo 94, s. 7).

A teacher's leadership is all about control and leading students to the goals that are set up and that pupils should achieve. Knowledge and development are the most important factors in school and therefore it is important to find out what different leadership styles that are most successful.

Bakgrund och syfte: De grundläggande värdena,  människolivets okränkbarhet, individens frihet och integritet, alla människors lika värde, jämställdhet mellan kvinnor och män, samt solidaritet med svaga och utsatta är de värden skolan är satt att förmedla. Värdena anses inte ha någon koppling till verkligheten. Det sägs att det är en fråga om att förvandla orden i Läroplanen år 1994 till handling. Värderingarna har diskuterats i sin helhet, det vill säga inget värde har undersökts enskilt. Problematiken i hur dessa värden är formulerade har lyfts fram. Mot bakgrund av detta är syftet med uppsatsen att studera ett grundläggande värde om huruvida elever anser att skola/lärare har solidaritet med svaga och utsatta med praktisk handling.

Metod: Uppsatsens utgångspunkt är ur ett hermeneutiskt synsätt med en induktiv forskningsansats. Resultatet är en surveyundersökning som bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med elever som går i årskurs nio, i Annersta Skolan, i Flemingsberg.

Teori: De teorier som utgör uppsatsens vetenskapliga grund är olika definitioner av värdegrunden.

I teorin lyfts det fram vad olika författare har sagt om värdegrunden och dess problematik. Värdegrunden diskuteras i förhållande till olika situationer. För att identifiera barns situation när det gäller deras inflytande används Amelie Thams bok: En bok om de grundläggande värdena och skolan. För att diskutera mobbning och vad det kan innebära för barn som blir utsatta används boken: Värdegrunden- finns den? av Kennert Orlenius. Värdegrundsboken- om samtal för demokrati i skolan av Gunilla Zackari och Fredrik Modigh används för att lyfta fram elevers rättsliga status samt visa när värdegrunden kommer till uttryck i skolan.

Slutsatser: Huruvida elever anser att lärare har solidaritet med svaga och utsatta beror på hur pass väl de anser att styrdokumenten har följts. Elever bedömer efter hur deras egen situatíon har hanterats, av skola/lärare, i relation till styrdokumenten. En slutsats som kan dras är att elever bedömer skolans/lärares insatser efter den hjälp de har fått, det vill säga om hjälpen har varit tillräcklig i just deras fall.

The aim is to examine how teachers view their leadership, how leadership is used and developed, and what kind of perceptions teachers have of leadership and how it is important to their students.

My questions are: 

• In what ways can the teachers develop their leadership?
• In what ways can the teachers make use of leadership in the classroom?
• What do the teachers in the study consider to be a good leadership?
• What do the teachers inte the study think of their leadership and its´ importance to students?

The study uses a qualitative research method and consists of interviews with four teachers working in a school south of Stockholm. The results of the study shows that teachers´ leadership in the classroom has a significance for students´ learning and development. The teachers´style of leadership should not be static and should be adapted to students´development level. The results also shows that teachers´ leadership in the classroom is about various tasks. The conclusions are that the teacher in her/his leadership needs to be democratic and allow students to affect the activities in the classroom, but also use an authoritarian leadership to get an effective classroom.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how six students who attend a high school relate to their multilingualism and emphasize how their multilingualism has affected their views of themselves and their identity. The fundamental questions were:

• How do six students who attend a secondary school relate to their multilingualism?
• How has students' multilingualism affected their views of themselves and their identity?

I did use a qualitative research method in terms of interviews to receive answers for my inquiries.

Carla Jonsson (2010) speaks inter alia about “the third space” which concerns adolescents creating a “third room”. Almqvist (2006) believes that adolescents that are exposed to discrimination and prejudices can lead to them turning their backs on society in disappointment. Boyd (1985) has, in his thesis, found that multilingual students communicate with the majority language and with their mother tongue with their parents. Sjöqvist & Lindberg (1996) believe that people gain access to other cultures through their multilingualism which leads to new ways of thinking.

The result of my investigation showed that the informants were in favor of their multilingualism and they see it as a benefit. The informants have created their own identity by combining their homeland’s language with the majority language. They see themselves as a resource for the society.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a group of students experience their learning when working in groups, and determine if they prefer to work individually or in groups. This study will also investigate what the students believe that they learn when working in groups. The study is based on these two questions:

• How and what do students perceive that they learn from working in groups?
• Do the students in my study prefer to work in groups or individually?

The method I have used to retrieve information has been to interview four different students. The interviews were individual; I did so to get a deeper view of how students perceive their own learning in groups. I chose a selection of students, two girls and two boys ranging in the ages from 15 to 16 years old, these pupils were all attending the same school. Social Constructivism is the theoretical perspective that my essay is based on. The key concepts of my essay are based on the terms "the horizon of understanding" which come from the hermeneutic research tradition and life-world which is a central concept in the phenomenological research tradition.

The results from this study show that students believe that the spoken interaction in groups is important. The students believe that their individual learning can be developed further with the help of oral interactions, an example given is when students embrace new ideas and thoughts by talking to each other in groups. Based on the results of the interviews, students feel that their individual learning is affected positively when working in groups.

This study shows that when students are being asked if they prefer to work in groups or individually, the answer is evenly divided, but with a small majority favoring to work in groups. However, almost all students who participated in my study believe that working in group is almost all the time a fun method of working and studying.

Sweden is a multicultural country and because of this the Swedish school-system should be adapted so that all pupils can develop their linguistic skills so that they can participate andunderstand the education. By using scientific work from other researchers and my own experiences from a general point of view, I noticed that pupils with foreign origin perform less good in mathematics than pupils with Swedish origin, in the Swedish education system.

The purpose of this research is to find out if communication and interplay between the pupils makes it easier for them to understand mathematics and its’ concepts. My research involves acertain school class were all pupils have another etnicity then the Swedish one. My aim was to find out if the pupils reached the knowledge-goals for mathematics in the third grade. Especially in the areas of solution solving and the understanding of mathematical texts. I wanted to find out if communication and interplay between the pupils lead to increasedprogress in the Swedish language and increased understanding of mathematical texts. I also examined what possibilities the pupils have to absorb and understand the education and how favourable the conditions are in their teaching process. My starting points were Vygotskijs’ sociocultural perspective. The main research questions were:

• Is the language a barrier for the pupils in my research group when they develop their mathematical knowledge?
• Which approach may enhance the pupils knowledge in mathematics?

The research is based on interviews with the teacher and observations of the pupils during mathematic lessons. With the help of the empirical material I wanted to increase myunderstanding about the process of learning and development in the class and about how the teacher labours and reflects around the situation. She practiced silent and individual studies in the class. The result of this research showed that the pupils were not benefited by the teachersmethods and that they did not reach the main goals in Swedish and mathematics for the earlier years in Swedish compulsory school. The reason to this result is mainly that language and learning go hand in hand and that mathematics requires a good vocabulary and good reading comprehension.

I denna uppsats har de fyra skönlitterära titlarna Kort kjol, Hey Dolly, Den osynlige och Låt den rätte komma in analyserats. Dessa används i svenskundervisning på grundskolans senare år och på gymnasiet. Som teoretisk referenspunkt har genus- och queerteoretiska perspektiv använts. Detta för att få syn på hur den heteronormativa genusordningen framställs och eventuellt problematiseras. Heteronormativiteten ses således som avgörande för karaktärernas skapande av genus. Avstamp tas i kursplanerna då skönlitteraturen, enligt dessa, är av avgörande betydelse för elevernas skapande av identitet. Uppsatsen har en litteratursociologisk ansats för att belysa relationen mellan skönlitteratur och samhälle. Metoden är kvalitativ textanalys och boksamtal.

Resultatet av analyserna visar att den heteronormativa genusordningen till stor del reproduceras i de fyra titlarna även om den i två av dessa titlar är mycket mindre påtaglig. Det finns i samtliga titlar karaktärer som mer eller mindre utmanar den heteronormativa genusordningen. Det är dock i de två titlarna, Låt den rätte komma in och Hey Dolly, som vi får möta de stora normbrytarna. Dessa karaktärer utmanar och problematiserar den heteronormativa genusordningen både genom hur de framställs och genom deras förhållande till andra. Uppsatsen synliggör således vilka "förebilder" och vilken samhällsnormer som råder i de analyserade böckerna. Alltså de "förebilder" och samhällsnormer som eleverna som läser dessa böcker får möta.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the group constellation that is, what thoughts, feelings and sensations that arise when students and pupils change groups. The study will also affect students and pupils knowledge of why they should work in groups. Their perceived security will also be something that this study is looking for.

The main questions of this study are:

• How does students and pupils experience the phenomenon of "group replacement"?
• What is considered to work or not work in the new group formations?

The method that is used in this study is based on six qualitative interviews with students and pupils from three different levels of education. The target groups are college and high school students. interviewquestions were structured and inspired to be conversation-like.

The theorys that are most relevant in this study are the theory about group processes, the theory about stages of development in a group and the theory about the need of relations and routines.

In summary, the results of the study indicates that students and pupils experiences of group replacement in school is influenced by various factors. The factors that influence students and pupils attitude toward the group changes are caused by the teachers level of commitment, participation in the working groups and the follow-up that is done after the group work. This study shows that pupils and students think that it is all right to change groups if they receive support from their teachers and managers. It is not the group replacement itself that is the problem for pupils and students, the problem is that there is not anyone there to give them support when they are in need of it.

The purpose of the study is to investigate into professional knowledge of the bilingual teachers, compared to monolingual, and what benefits they give to pre-school. Qualitative method was used to get an understanding of informant´s perspective on bilingual teachers. The informants believe that bilingual teachers are able to understand all the children. A bilingual teacher can make the children feel secure. If one has a positive attitude toward bilingualism, the bilingual children also show a positive attitude that in turn contributes to learning and development of the language.

In this study I have compared two different development methods of reading and writing. I have done this by interviewing five first grade teachers in elementary schools and it is based on qualitative research interviews. The aim of the study was to immerse myself in which methods these five teachers describe that they have used. They got to describe how they work and how they have tought the students to read and write. 

I have investigated if the teachers think that the computer is a good tool. The investigation also shows if the teachers believe that the students´ writing skills deteriorate if they can use the keyboard instead. 

I came to the conclusion that four of the teachers used Arne Trageton´s method (2005) which means that the students learn how to write by using to computer. One of the teachers mostly used Ingvar Lundberg´s method (2010) in the student´s development of reading and writing, which means that the students learn how to write. All five teachers think that there is no perfect method (instead of development methods of reading and writing). Everyone of them believes that it is up to the teacher to choose the method that every single student will learn best by. When it comes to using the computer they all agree on that the computer is a good complement to teaching. All five teachers don´t think that the students will lose their writing skills by working with the keyboard. They mean that the students still use the pencil often enough in their school work.

The essay aims to highlight the newly arrived immigrant students’ experience of social integration and social security in the Swedish school system, which is important for their further language and learning development. This essay aims to see it from the student's perspective. The main question in this essay is: What factors seem to matter the most for the newly arrived immigrant students in their language and learning skills, and what does the students themselves think about the issue? The study is based on a qualitative research method in the form of interviews and observations conducted in a multicultural school for a period of two weeks. Three newly-arrived students are in this essay being observed while they are attending between two different classrooms: the so-called preparation classroom and the ordinary classroom. This essay aims to highlight a newly arrived student's development from a socio-cultural perspective. The results show that the newly arrived students felt more emotionally secure while attending the preparation classrooms, and while attending the ordinary classrooms they felt more inadequate.

This thesis is based upon the assumption that in Swedish school today it is a wide gap regarding the information flow when pupils are switching school. This was one of the reasons Skolverket published a report clearly stating that this is the case. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and describe how teachers are working in a teacher team at transitions to see and understand what their work may mean individually, in a group and to the school as an organisation. The questions at issue is to see how the teachers cooperate during transitions and how they notice students in need of extra support and students level of knowledge during transitions. The two last questions at issue is first to see how teachers approach parent’s expectations on the school and the teachers, secondly it is to examine what implications their work will have on the school. The examined group is a teacher team in an independent school working in grade seven. The school has the grades six to nine. The result was achieved through two qualitative interviews and six qualitative questionnaires in order to describe the informants experience as good as possible. The analysis is based upon two concepts: organisational learning and reflection as a collective process and how these concepts are dependant on the other. The main points of the analysis show how important the teacher team’s work is to both the individual and the organisation’s competence and learning development. It also shows how it helps the pupils to get a smooth transition even though the lack of information teachers has to deal with when the new pupils arrive.

The purpose of this paper is to juxtapose the theories of learning that are reflected in student’s perspectives of the learning log with that of the pedagogical intentions of the curriculum in order to examine the discrepancy between the experienced and the intentional learning objectives. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section is a literature survey on theories related to the learning log and the curriculum. The second part is constituted by three semi-structured group interviews concerning student´s views on the learning log. An effort is then made to fit the student´s perspective into a theoretical framework to allow comparison with the pedagogical motives contained in the curriculum and its underlying ideas. The interviews indicate that the learning log is used mainly as a means to facilitate individualistic work forms, which is an ill fit with perspective on learning presented within the curriculum. The study is concluded with suggestions for actions that would narrow this gap and free the unused learning potential of the learning log.

Syftet med denna empiriska studie har varit att belysa hur barn talar om kärlek, sexualitet och relationer, samt hur pedagoger arbetar och interagerar med elever för att utvecklas tillsammans i dessa frågor. Viktigt under studien har varit att titta på olika sorters relationer och hur dessa skapas i sociala sammanhang. Detta har skapat två frågeställningar som besvarats i studien: Hur arbetar pedagoger med dessa ämnen i lärandesituationer? Och hur resonerar några enskilda barn kring kärlek, sexualitet och relationer utifrån barns perspektiv?

Den etnografiska fältstudiens metoder har applicerats genom observationer samt djupintervjuer med två barn och en vuxen har genomförts och sedan använts som grund för vidare analys och diskussion.

Resultaten visar att barnen resonerar olika kring dessa ämnen och att pedagogerna arbetar på skilda sätt i lärandesituationer där dessa ämnen tas upp. Vidare belyses samtalet och kommunikationen som viktiga beståndsdelar för att skapa förtroende mellan barn och pedagog i skolans verksamheter.

Denna studies syfte är att ta reda på hur pedagoger och tjänstemän på utbildningsförvaltningen tolkar begreppet pedagogisk dokumentation. Min frågeställning var:

Hur tolkar pedagogerna och ansvariga på utbildningsförvaltningen pedagogisk dokumentation?

Vad är meningsfullt att dokumentera?

Vad är det som gör att man kan arbeta med pedagogisk dokumentation?

För att få svar på mina frågor så byggde jag min studie på teori från olika pedagoger och forskare inom pedagogik och sedan intervjuer och enkäter med pedagoger och tjänstemän på utbildningsförvaltningen. Resultatet visar att begreppet pedagogisk dokumentation kan tolkas olika och det som ligger i grund hur man tolkar begreppet är vilken barnsyn du som pedagog har. Förskolans pedagoger använder sig av pedagogisk dokumentationen genom observationer med olika metoder det kan vara ex kamera, observationsmallar m.m. och det ska synliggöra barns lärande, men det är även pedagogernas lärande som synliggörs och det bidrar till ett utvecklingsarbete och förändringsarbete. Genom att reflektera över dokumentationerna så kan man se nya saker som man kanske annars inte skulle ha sett. Syftet att använda pedagogisk dokumentation kan vara av olika skäl. Det kan vara att man vill se hur ett barn tänker, barnets utveckling med även för att förändra miljön på förskolan. Läroplanen, Lpfö98 tar upp pedagogisk dokumentation i förorden. Det står att verksamheten synliggörs men även att det ger ett underlag för att se verksamhetens kvalitet. Begreppet pedagogisk dokumentation är hämtat från Reggio Emilia filosofin, där man arbetat med arbetsverktyget i mer än 30 år och syftet är att synliggöra barns lärande, men barnsynen är avgörande om du kan arbeta och förstå begreppet pedagogisk dokumentation.

This thesis which is about working with mathematics teaching has no effect/impact on performance and understanding of pupils. The study is intended to gain insight on working in mathematics education which has an impact on performance and understanding of students who are ethnically Swedish and foreign ethnic. In order to compare the ethnic Swedish and foreign students of ethnic understanding, I judged from their performance on the tests taken in year three. The qualitative approach permeated the work, both interviews and observations which were included in the survey. The qualitative study was chosen to get an understanding of how mathematics teaching is conducted in two different areas. The results of the investigation show that working in mathematics education is relevant to performance and understanding of students who are ethnically Swedish and foreign ethnic. In addition, it led to ethnically Swedish students having higher results than students who are ethnically non-resident in the comparison schools.

The main objective of this research was to examine description of Islam in two different schoolbooks about religion. The rapport starts with an introduction of the subject and discusses the background of the topic. After the presentation, aims, and the questions I present my methods and material used in this research. Following the method and material is earlier research where I mention some of the previous rapports and results of researchers within the discourse. The theory used to investigate the text is postcolonial and the orientalism theory presented by Edward Said.

The intention of the research was to answer if the books representation contributed to an oriental description of Islam and Muslims and to see how the text and pictures where used and structured. Similar researches have been presented earlier but this rapport handles a completely new book and a reedited book. The first book is written by Lars-Göran Alm and is called “Religionskunskap A” this book has been published before and is commonly used in schools all around Sweden. The other book is written by Olov Jansson and Linda Karlsson and is called “Religionskunskap A, en mosaik” and had its first release in 2009. The result shows that the book written by Alm represents a more oriental description and the text structure leaves the reader sometimes confused and wanting more. Alm chooses to bring up subjects like Islamism and circumcision of girls but both books mentioned a willingness of Shia Muslims to commit suicidal bombings. Alm left out more spiritual aspects like religious holidays and Sufism. The other book written by Jansson and Karlsson had some tendencies to an oriental description of Islam but not in the same extent as Alm. Jansson and Karlsson also gave a clearer representation of a Swedish context, which made the religion more present and not as distant as Alm. Both books used pictures to complement the text and in most cases in Alms book the pictures were images of places and persons in other continents and countries then Europe and Sweden.

The aim of this essay is to examine the view on children with disability´s in the end of the 19 Th to the beginning of the 20 Th. We will examine the children that lived in Eugeniahememt but we will also examnie the view the society had on the children who lived on Egueniahemmet. In our essay there are four questions that we are going to answer.

- Who took the initive to start Eugeniahemmet and how did it affect the activity?

- Which view had the society on the children who lived on Eugeniahemmet?

- How did the work with the children look like?

- Which view had the staff, in Eugeniahemmet, on the children?

The method that is being used in this essay is trying to analyses what the material tells us about the view on the children and how the work with the children lookt liked in Eugeniahemmet.

The theory that we use is about Michel Focaults look on madness. Focault says that a person who is mad dosen’t have a connection between body and soul and that creates hallucinations witch leeds to madness. We also use a gender theory by Yvonne Hirdman who explains that women and men have diffrent roles in the society. Womens role is to be responsible for their home and the mens role is to be responsible for the public business.

The main conclusion is that the view on children with disability in the society made it hard for Eugeniahememt staff to work whit the home´s activity. The view of the children in the society was that they were more a burden on the society than good citizen. These children was learned fast, but if the children who did´t learned fast were called idiot´s. Another coclusion is that in the beginning of Eugeniahemmet activity they accepted everyone even the children who consider be impossible to be educate. But in the beginning of the 20 Th they started to exlude the children who were impossible to educate, because they were idiot´s.

Title: "The home of Eugenia, The view on the children in Eugenia" qreaters Sara Albornoz and Therese Hellman. Keywords: disabled, protége, free intelligence, institution, idiot.

The aim of this essay is to analyse young peoples view and thoughts about women. I have studied how young people “create women” in an opinion poll about love relations and relationships.

The survey has been answered by high school student in a suburb in Stockholm. My main question is: What conceptions of the women are presented in love relationships and relationships in general?

To analyse the data, I have used a qualitative method which means that I have tried to understand and interpret their answers. The study consists of two surveys, one about love relationships and the other about empathy. The outcome of the study is presented as different women characters such as the shy women, the affectionate and the rescuing women, the bimbo and the object. The study shows that women and men are indeed a part of the construction of women.

The study shows a pattern of words and actions that the young people connect to the female. It also shows that it is more accepted and expected for girls to write about feelings and pain. Young people seem to define themselves in a connection to the opposite by comparing

themselves to the opposite sex. For example a woman who shows her feelings serves a purpose, the action is done in a way to be confirmed of the people around her, that she is a woman. Both boys and girls are a part of constructing women. They perform a pattern of

actions that clearly shows the existents of norms; the effect of repeated actions is gender. It means that young people ‘look for’ actions that confirms there gender.

The keywords in this study are young people, women, gender, love relationships/relationships.

Finally I would like to thank my tutor Ana Graviz and the research group who has given support and help during the study and at the time of writing. And a big thanks to those who made this study possible, the class that participated in the study and their teacher.

The aim of this study was to investigate, illuminate and discuss teacher’s and multilingual student’s view on the connection between their mother tongue and their learning of other languages. This qualitative study is based on interviews with eight students in the 8th grade and two language-teachers from the same school, as well as ethnographic observations during English and Swedish lessons. With the help of some relevant theories, the empirical study is compared, analyzed and interpreted. The results show that the theories and informant’s view on the connection between the mother tongue and other languages are similar, which is that the mother tongue must be fully established before a new language can be taken in.

It is statutory that teachers shall document their student's development of knowledge in different subjects. The teachers employed by Sundbybergs municipality have been commissioned to do the documentation in the web-based electronic system Projekt- och Omdömesdatabasen, P.O.D.B. The purpose of this study was to investigate witch effect the IT-solution P.O.D.B has brought for the teachers in their task of student documentation. By conducting interviews and questionnaire studies I have been looking for answers to if the target achievements have increased by using the IT-solution, and if the teachers are aware of what they may or may not write about their students in the system. The conclusions I have been able to draw through my studies are that the teachers have accepted the commission to use P.O.D.B. But they didn't feel assessorial in the decision of beginning to use computers for the task of documentation. Their work has because of this become more time extensive, and there is some insecurity about the formality of the system. The effect of the decision has resulted in that the targets have been made more visible and the target achievements have increased, and the storage options have made the student information more readily accessible.  

The purpose of this thesis is to explore how love relationship affects the identity and attitude towards school of study motivated girls in 17-18 years of age with the subsidiary purpose to get anidea of how the gender order is maintained in the relationship.

The study is based on theories of gender theory and identity theory, which concerns gender as aresult of actions and how the gender order is maintained. The identity theory is based as a choice toconvey different roles.

The study is founded on qualitative research interviews with six different girls, where the focus wasto learn about their own experiences of how the love relationship affects them.

The results were interpreted through a hermeneutic analysis.The results show that the love relationship affect informants' identity on self-perception, what roles they convey and the attitude towards school. It turned out that the informants' attitude towards school was dependent on their boyfriend´s attitude towards school.

The results also show that girls are highly involved in the process of maintaining the gender order in which they choose to manage their time according to their boyfriend's time, and has the role of the engaging and emotional in the relationship.

Today's young people find themselves in an intense media traffic where many messages have a commercial nature. Some such messages are for example different types of advertising in various media and advertising often plays on the uncertainty that may be common in adoles-cence. New interactive media like blogs on the Internet has been established in recent years. Mixed types of media content, advertising with different messages, appear in blogs. Therefore, I am interested in how blogs on the Internet can influence young people's creation of their identity. In the blogosphere there are different ways to see how to be a girl or a boy and what is important to strive for. Blogs also give users the opportunity to appear and to be seen. The blog has therefore become a youth phenomenon. Many young people read blogs and many have their own blogs or write on other people's blogs. During the analysis I conducted into students' responses from questionnaires where I could analyze the different characteristics of the participants, such as their gender, and both characteristics in their responses, such as the blogs they replied that they used. The results show that both girls and boys create gender by using the Internet. Blogs affects young people's daily lives in different ways. The girls are more positive to blogs than boys. The boys, despite their awareness of different fashion blogger, believes that it is pointless to read blogs and that it is a time consuming job that they consider boring.

This essay discusses the students’ thoughts about the teacher's response to their gender identity. The students discuss their right to have an intergender identity which means that they don’t identify themselves in the traditional sexes, man and woman, and the gender role each category has. They want to be called with a neutral pronoun and not be seen like boys or girls.

To understand these students’ point of view I used queer theory and discourse analysis to see the differences between sex and gender. Judith Butler the most famous philosopher in the field of queer theory emphasizes that there is no differences between sex and gender roles and explains that sex and gender roles are neither made by nature nor have mystery sources. Instead they are created by historical, social and cultural processes. She declares that language and the names we give each other affect what identities the society think are normal or not. There are many different identities that can’t be identified or categorized in the traditional gender roles. We have to think beyond these categories and not see people in only two sexes/genders, woman and man.

The Swedish schools have many values to work with and in these values it’s written that the teachers have to treat every student with respect and encourage them to grow and evolve. I investigate how the teachers react to the students’ transgender identities. The investigation is made with four different students who identify themselves as intergender. The study is based on interviews that took between forty and sixty minutes. The interviews were transcribed and written with spoken language. The main purpose of this essay is to investigate what the students thought about their teachers’ reaction.

The conclusion of this essay is that the students think that the teachers have insufficient knowledge about the transgender identities. The students want the teachers to have more knowledge about transgender identities. That will make the teachers more comfortable in their behavior against students who identify themselves between the traditional sexes.

This essay will investigate the cause of shifts – changes made when translating – in the Swedish version of Enid Blyton‟s Five on a Treasure Island. It should be seen as a direct sequel to The Little Girl is Missing – a bachelor degree project written at Stockholm University. In said degree project the methods used when making the shifts was described, but now the reasons why the shifts were made and how they have affected the plot will be presented. To do so a number of theories concerning both gender studies and translation studies will be used.

The working hypothesis is that the shifts were made to rid the translated text of the original text‟s sexist content – to create "equality between women and men" (Lpo 94: 3) and making the translation fit the target culture i.e. today‟s Sweden. This claimed sexist content will be determined mainly with the help of the Swedish compulsory school system‟s curriculum, Lpo94, and Berit Ås‟s master suppression techniques. The intention is to bring the translation phenomenon of ideologically influenced translations into the limelight and start a debate. Besides that, this essay will also provide a didactic model for teachers wanting to work with translation dilemmas in class.

The purpose of my study is to highlight how children at preschool are affected by adult’s awareness of norms and interpretations of masculinity and femininity. The essay shows examples of boys’ and girls´ expectations of each other and the preconceived notions of what boys and girls should or can do, and how we pedagogues relate to this matter. One example is about an encounter with a mother, where we have different opinions about her son´s wishes to be Lucia instead of Santa Claus. I had to reconsider my pre-understanding and I realize that we can create opportunities to receive and give, without preconceived notions of what is "right" or "wrong".

Main issues are: What is controlling our thoughts and actions and hence causes us to act stereotypically? How can we pedagogues give children the opportunity to establish their identity beyond taken for granted notions of gender? Is it possible to be a conscious and sensitive gender pedagogue all the time, and what does it mean?

My study is based on hermeneutics as a method. This means that I interpret and show various perspectives from my horizon of understanding. I look into different situations from other´s perspectives, theories and literature together with the experience I posses as a pedagogue. Related to this experience, the essay shows that pedagogues often believe that they meet and treat each child as individuals, and that the children are given the same opportunities and rights. I also study power theory based on the philosopher Michel Foucault´s works and I find that it is a difficult balance between the beliefs of pedagogues and some parents have.

I refer to the pre-revised curriculum that emphasizes that we must counteract traditional gender patterns and gender roles (Lpfö 98, revised 2010). But despite the wording of the curriculum, I find that we establish gender patterns and reproduce its many times stereotypical way of considering what is male or female. The essay also discusses ideas about how gender affects the various ways in which children are allowed to play and, in turn, affect how pedagogues relate to and challenge the children’s play and learning.

The Swedish educational system has taken a step toward change in hopes of a better education by presenting a new national curriculum: Curriculum for the compulsory school, preschool class and the leisure-time centre 2011 (Lgr 11). I have therefore chosen to analyze the textbooks Champion 4 and Portfolio based on the objectives and areas of knowledge for grades 4-6 found in the syllabus for English in Lgr 11 in order to find out whether or not the textbooks are in harmony with the syllabus and if the textbooks can be used to help students meet the requirements found in the syllabus for the English subject.

The purpose of this study is to analyze selected textbooks for the English subject for students in fourth grade to find out which of the curriculum’s requirements are met for grades 4-6, that is, goals and areas of knowledge and if they can be used in the compulsory school.

The results of this study show that the analyzed books can be used in an education that today follows a new curriculum. However the education should not only be based on the textbooks. The teacher must take responsibility for designing an education that suits the intended student group, but also provides students with different learning styles an opportunity to develop in their individual ways. Therefore it is not a reasonable option to allow the teaching to only revolve around the textbooks even if these books offer exercises that help develop the abilities that are written in the curriculum.

The purpose of this paper is to find more understanding for pupils in compensatory educational situations and get an idea about how they place themselves in the social hierarchy. In my study I have interviewed four pupils with different experiences from school with the common denominator of being placed in a special class during some hours of the week. The purpose of this placement is to get them to achieve better results in various subjects depending on their grade but this also means a social separation from friends in the ordinary class and this doesn't correspond well with the democratic idea of "one school for all".

What I found was that these pupils categorize themselves different from each other and while two of the pupils find themselves very included in the school's social network the remaining two had problems functioning satisfactory in a social matter according to their own liking. The feeling of exclusion though can not be connected to their participation in the special class but rather to their earlier social experiences.

Our language bear traces of who we are and of the culture we live in. As human beings we create language in interaction with other people and with our society. Media and commercials are other factories that strongly influence our everyday life as well as our language. With this study we would like to illuminate how our surroundings influence our language. We focus on the language of young people and their use of symbols, phrases and expressions when they reflect on relations. To do this we made a survey study comprising two school classes, with pupils of 15 – 16 years old. The subject of the survey is love and love relations. We also did a group interview with seven of the pupils. The result shows that the young people, in this study, use signs and symbols more or less consciously. The result also shows that the media surroundings make impact in the language of young people. We can also gather how significant it is that relations between pupils and teachers are confidently.

This paper is concerning students' with reading and writing difficulties and dyslexia. This paper clarifies the difference between reading and writing difficulties and dyslexia. The essay also gives an insight into dyslexia in an historical perspective. The purpose of the paper is to find out if teachers believe that students with a diagnosis of dyslexia may be more or different help than students with other reading and writing difficulties. By answering this question, I conducted a survey study in two schools in two municipalities. The survey aims to find out if teachers out of schools think that students with a diagnosis may be the right kind of help in their teaching. Teachers at each school feel different. One school believes that students with a diagnosis may be more help than other students with other difficulties. While teachers at the other schools felt that pupils with a diagnosis must not be more help than students in other writing difficulties.

This study is about how students 'performance in school is influenced by parents' educational background. The study has been performed by cooperation with two schools in Stockholm. One class in each school has participated and the students have amongst other questions answered regarding their grades in natural science subjects. To examine whether parents 'educational background affect students' performance, a quantitative survey in the form of poll has been conducted. Even a literature review was conducted in this area to get a clearer picture of how parents' educational background affects the performance of students.

This study shows that students who have academic parents perform better than students who have not got academically educated parents. This was proved after a comparative study made with regard to students' grades in natural science subjects. Furthermore, it appears that parental involvement is important for a student to perform better in school because parents act as a resource for children's learning.

The Swedish School Board reported in 2007 that students with a foreign background to a larger extent than Swedish students leave school without grades in one or more subjects in the ninth grade. The report also reveals that during the year 2007/2008 17 percent of elementary school pupils had the right to home language instruction. Students with an other mother tongue than Swedish are considered a separate group that doesn’t perform as well in school.

My study investigates how eleven Arabic-speaking ninth-graders at age 15-16 perceive the importance of their mother tongue for learning and identity development. To this purpose I have conducted semi-structured interviews – one comprising six students in group and five individual – in a school in one of the suburbs of Stockholms. The theoretic point of departure for this study has been the social constructivist perspective.

The result shows unambiguously that the students consider their mother tongue to be important for the learning and development of the second language. It is principally spoken Arabic that is used for attaining knowledge – the written language, which in Arabic is quite different from the spoken language, has its greatest significance in home language instruction. The result of the study also shows two informants identify themselves as arabs since Arabic is their mother tongue, while the rest of the students identify themselves with the Arabic culture, which constitutes a construction of ethnicity and contributes to demarcations between us and them. LyssnaLäs fonetisk Ordbok - Visa detaljerad ordbok 

I denna uppsats undersöks hur kreativitet kan vara till nytta för skolan. Det kommer att diskuteras om det finns ett behov och en efterfrågan av kreativitet och hur det förhåller sig i nuläget med denna inom skolan i Sverige. Att exakt definiera kreativitet är svårt och därför kan det bli mer fruktbart att utforska kreativitetens användningsområden och funktioner. Det finns en mängd litteratur från skilda områden och den varierar en hel del. Kreativitet uppkommer ur möten och kombinationer, både inom individen och utanför denne. I uppsatsen nämns också ett antal psykologers och pedagogers syn på uppmuntran till kreativitet. Särskilt diskuteras de estetiska ämnena i relation till de övriga för att se vilka förtjänster ett samarbete kan ge. Vidare visar sig samarbeten genom exempelvis projektarbete vara en bra tvärvetenskaplig företeelse som kan stimulera kreativitet i undervisningen och i skolan. Liksom kreativitet återfinns i skilda områden så kan skolan ha nytta av att se hur olika delar av samhället använder sig av kreativitet, och för att se vilka förväntningar som kan komma att ställas på eleverna i framtiden.

The purpose of the study was to examine how teachers and children interpreted the project and understood its values. To this end, it was necessary to focus on four defining parameters which affect the investigation: structure of pre-school project work, content and delivery, the methods used by teachers during the project, which pedagogical documentation was used (and how), and how the project determined the approach, the curriculum goals and values. Using a qualitative approach, regular unsystematic observations were made over five days, during which three teachers, two pedagogues, two pre-school teachers, and one nanny from the same kindergarten were interviewed regarding children in three age groups: 1-2 years old, 3 years old, and 4-5 years old. The results of my investigation showed that the teachers were divided on how to apply the project as a working method. Children's active role in the pre-school project varied depending on the extent to which teachers adopted children perspective in everyday practice. The teachers used the documentation to evaluate, make visible processes of learning in children and reflect on the educational work of the projects.

The purpose of this study is to stress what experiences men working in the earlier school years share about being a minority group and what thoughts they have about why other men tend to avoid this profession.

In this survey I have interviewed four male teachers in the earlier school years. In previous research it is claimed that men choose not to get a teacher training for the earlier school years partly because this profession is known to be dominated by women where it is difficult for men to feel at home. It is also claimed that teachers in training choose the later school years in order to focus more on teaching than looking after the children. None of the interviewed men sees it as a problem being a minority group, neither during training nor in teaching. What the men in this survey state as the main reasons for why other men do not choose to become teachers are the low levels of status and salary. They also believe that the schools need more men but most of all qualified teachers who have chosen this profession because they take an interest in it.

The text is about behaviour and appearance of boys and girls in the classroom in a gender perspective. How are the boys and girls placed in the classroom, and does this affect them in any way? How boys and girls are called on to speak. Is the teacher fare in the allocation of speech? There are a lot of differences between the genders, boys and girls are placed in a special way. In the two schools that I have done the research in shows that boys and girls are placed girl-boy-girl-boy so the boys can get more done during the class with the girls placed next to them. How and in what way they get the attention and the direction to talk is also a situation where they get treated differently. The boys often got to speak before the girls if there were waving there hands heavily for example and sometimes got to speak even if a girl already where speaking. The boys spoke whenever they felt like, even if it wasn’t there turn. This study is written to help teachers and for others to get a good look of the classroom in gender perspective.

Keywords: gender differences, gender, classroom

I uppsatsen redovisas vårt examensarbete inom den kompletterande lärarutbildningen vid Södertörns högskola. Syftet med detta arbete är att göra en teoretisk studie med praktiska inslag för att få en klarare bild av vad dyskalkyli är och hur vi som lärare skall hantera elever med detta specialpedagogiska problem.

Arbetet är en komparativ litteraturstudie där vi utgått från material kopplat till dyskalkyli och matematiksvårigheter samt en kvalitativ studie i form av intervjuer med tre specialpedagoger vid olika skolor för att få en inblick i hur arbetet med matematiksvårigheter bedrivs.

Vår slutsats är att dyskalkyli är svårt att begripa och att det är svårt att avgöra när en elev har dyskalkyli och inte allmänna matematiksvårigheter. Trots detta är det viktigt att ställa en diagnos för att eleven skall kunna få rätt hjälp. Vi kan även konstatera att det finns kopplingar mellan dyskalkyli och dyslexi.

Inom den svenska förskolan har antalet barn ökat i barngrupperna samtidigt som resurserna har minskat. I det ökade barngrupperna skapas det en större oro bland barnen. Pedagogerna inom den svenska förskolan upplever att det blir mycket spring och konflikter. Detta gör att pedagogerna strävar efter att hitta nya arbetssätt som minskar oron och konflikterna bland barnen. Mitt syfte i denna studie är att undersöka hur en förskola genomförde en förändringsprocess kring sin innemiljö, det vill säga rum, möblering och material. Syftet är även att studera hur barns sociala samspel påverkas av den nya miljön där kommunikationen och interaktionen det vill säga samspelet mellan barn-barn och barn-miljö är som en viktig del i barnens lärande. I interaktioner mellan barnen stimuleras språket och språket stimulerar barnens tänkande. En viktig del i interaktionen är miljön. Miljön har en betydelsefull roll för att stimulera barnens utveckling och lärande. Metoden för studien har bestått i kvalitativa intervjuer och studien är utförd på en förskola med fem informanter som är pedagoger. Resultatet av studien visar att för att en förändringsprocess ska bli framgångsrik behövs det inspirerande och lyhörda ledare. Ledarna behöver ge sina medarbetare tid att gå igenom förändringsprocessens alla steg. Solrosens förskola vill ge en tillgänglig, inspirerande och utmanande innemiljö där barnen får utvecklas i sin egen takt. Efter förskolans förändringsprocess, är deras innemiljö inte längre hemlik utan en miljö gjord för att barn ska bli inspirerade, kreativa och utvecklas som individer.

In this essay, I will look at three different Compulsory comprehensive schools in one community and I will compare final grades from students who graduated in spring 2006. I will also examine how the three schools work with students, and in what way they approach students with dyslexia/reading- and writing difficulties, so that they could reach goals set by The Swedish National Agency for Education. The aim with this essay is to show differences between schools in the same community and my question is if it is the way you approach students with dyslexia/reading- and writing difficulties that affects the student’s grades and results.

The study is concentrating on three schools in one community and students with dyslexia and reading- and writing difficulties that went to those schools. I have spoken to remedial teacher at each school about how they approach students with dyslexia/reading- and writing difficulties, what kind of methods the use, how they investigate if a student is in need of special help and how they grade their students who are in need of special teaching because of their learning disabilities. This essay will also present different ways of defining dyslexia and how to approach the pedagogic difficulties that will appear in situations where students with reading- and writing difficulties gets exposed and are in need of special education or help.

The results of this study can only be connected to those schools that have been studied for this exam. The results can not in any way be generalising for all schools in Sweden. However did the study results show that students that went to school 2 reached higher goals than students that went to school 1 or 3. The study also shows that these schools use different ways to work with students with dyslexia and reading- and writing difficulties. But to compare numbers and grades can’t give a fair picture of how each school work with each student so that they develop those skills and knowledge that is seen as necessary to become a democratic member of the society. Because numbers and grades cant tell anything about the student’s disabilities or what kind of knowledge or skills the student is in possession of. Nevertheless can this study when comparing grades, in the most general way, say that students that go to school 2 are more likely to reach goals that are set by The Swedish National Agency for Education.

This thesis is based on qualitative text analyses of four works of fiction, used as teaching materials in the school subject of Swedish, from a queer theoretic perspective. The purpose of the study is to examine how sexual identities and expressions are being presented, as well as what positions are offered a reader, in relation to the heterosexual norm. Basis for this thesis are the schools fundamental values, which highlights the importance that intolerance be confronted through both knowledge and active measures, and the syllabus, which states that fiction should be viewed as a tool for identity development as well as an understanding of the outside world.

The analyses reveals a distinct connection between the generally accepted heterosexual norm and a professed (or taken for granted) heterosexuality which is being carried out by the characters or the books as a whole. Out of the four titles only one disputes this norm, by offering a wide range of sexual identities and expressions. These expressions, however, are being invalidated – through insufficient ability to relate to the norm – or made invisible – through an imagined heterosexuality which, by superiority over other expressions, excludes them.

In 2006 the government assigned the Council of Cultural Affairs the task of making an update, consisting of 50 literary titles, to be added to the existing list called Alla tiders klassiker – en klassikerserie för skolan (All-time classics suited for school).      The idea of ​​a literary canon can be considered to be a tool for transferring socially, historically and culturally constructed norms and values ​​from one generation to the next in order to create and maintain a common frame of reference. The common frame of reference affect the individual's thoughts and actions as well as their sexual desires and their own perception of self as a sexual being. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how gender and sexuality are constructed in four literary works selected by the Council of Cultural Affairs on behalf of the government in order to create a literary classic series for school, and thus get a picture of which values and norms might be included in the concept of a common reference and how this subsequently relates to the school's syllabus ​​and its ideas about identity development.

All four novels are based on traditional ideas and values ​​as well as dichotomous relationships between femininity and masculinity in which masculinity is superior to femininity. The female sexuality is described as both passive and problematic while the male sexuality only exists as an unspoken norm.  The novels both create and maintain stereotypes that are in direct contrast to the syllabus and  relate to the problematic gender context that is already existing within our schools. 

My essay is concerned with intercultural leadership and practical knowledge. The essay is about ethical dilemmas and the diversity of issues we face constantly at the preschool. In my story I examine the different views of knowledge and the opportunities to lead people in an intercultural way, and how they relate to each other. I start by looking at the ethical ideas that form the basis for our actions and our view of knowledge. Then, I examine how the practical wisdom guides the ethical dilemmas that arise at the preschool. Thus, that leads me to the different forms of knowledge which are made visible in our daily work at the preschool, how they can be understood in the cultural environment in which they arise, and how they can be related to leadership. I show how the thinking ways and traditions we create shape the leadership. My inquiry is related to my colleagues since my professional role as a preschool teacher is made possible only in a social context with them. I find that the relationship between my own understanding of the practical knowledge and intercultural management can be related to my colleagues, as well as to parents and preschool children. The environment at the preschool is based on different ways of thinking and traditions that are transmitted and transformed in different processes. The inter-cultural leadership is questioned in the working group and the desire for authoritarian leadership is brought to question. Our view of knowledge is dependent on the ethical values we choose to make use of. Knowledge and leadership is created in a process that never ends, together with the people who create and recreate it.

This thesis aims to examine how teachers who teach the Swedish subject, uses film in their education. The survey was given to 30 of these teachers in Nykoping, half which are working in junior high schools, and half which are working in high schools. One important

condition to this works implementation, is the existence of the widen text concept that points to that all media is a concept that can be read and analysed. This is the attitude that The National Agency for Education aims at in different govern documents. The National Agency for education also request teachers to give the students tools to the media literacy that the society demands. To be able to interpret and analyse film is part of this media literacy. This papers result is that the majority of the selected group are showing film in their teaching, however not more than once or twice per year. The premier reason to why they are showing film is to complement their literature education and to create a foundation for discussion.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine if the school's democracy project is successful. The objective is examined in relation to two specific questions. The first question is whether students, after completing their studies in civics A, understand the relationship between the concepts of human rights and democracy. The second is if the students understood the concepts of practical significance and impact on society and the individual. Variation theory comes from the phenomenographic theories and is central to this work. The approach to learning, in this essay, is a change in how a person experiences, understands or perceives a phenomenon. Variation theory focuses on a learning object and contextualization sees as crucial to how the individual perceives the object.

The study is based on a quantitative research method in the form of a survey at a secondary school. A number of students may respond to valuation questions about how they perceive democracy and human rights in practical situations. The results are related to curriculum goals.

The results of the study is not positive in relation to curriculum objectives, where many students respond negatively to questions.

The purpose of this study has been to explore the expectations of the primary school on the activities of the pre-school. In order to limit the study I have chosen to compare the expectations found in two different schools. In the first case, the pre-school is integrated with the after-school centre and grade one to three (primary school), into the same building. In the other case, the pre-school share localities with the after-school centre in a separate building, with its own yard, within the primary school area. Since the purpose is rather comprehensive, it has been divided into sub-themes with separate set of questions. The sub-themes chosen are in themselves factors, which I believe to be of importance for the main purpose. I have used a qualitative method, why the answer may not be generalised, but give us a deeper understanding of the main question in my research, I have interviewed teachers and pre-school teachers as well as used curriculums and existing research, in order to shed light on the main question from different scientific perspectives. The result of this study shows, that the integration of the pre-school within the primary school, may be of great importance for cooperation and communication. The primary school’s expectations, however, seems to be more the result of the teacher’s and preschool teacher’s interpretations of the curriculums.

The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how parents and preschool teachers experience induction at preschool. The induction creates collaboration between preschool teachers and parents where the interaction and socio-cultural factors have been key theories for the work task.

The method used has been of qualitative nature where interviews were made with parents and preschool teachers. In these interviews, they shared their insights of how they experienced the interaction and communication during induction. I asked the parents what they felt was good communication and interaction during the induction. The same question was given to preschool teachers to respond to and also if there was something that worked less good during induction.

The results show that parents and preschool teachers feel that induction works well satisfactory and that it is important that the interaction work well between both parts. A good start encourages cooperation and communication between parents and preschool teachers,and everyone is keen on that the child should be in focus.