Domestic work and care tasks have historically been assigned to women and have never been considered as real work, as they happen within the private scene of the home in both its forms, salaried and unpaid. Due to this conception, dating back from the servitude and slavery systems of the colonial era, and rooted in the patriarchal structure of societies, domestic workers have struggled, and still struggle today in many countries to see their rights recognised. They face stigma and lack an institutional back up. In this sphere, Uruguay sets an example, with one of the most advanced legislations on domestic work in the world after a tripartite negotiation that happened in 2006 between representatives of domestic workers and employers as well as the mediation of the executive power. This research aims to see how the change in legislation changed domestic workers lives and what impact these changes had in the social shared thought. It also looks at the collective identity building of domestic workers in Uruguay through the conduction of interviews with members of the domestic workers’ union, the SUTD. Did the legislative change bring about a cultural change? What lessons can we learn from the Uruguayan case?

The following study provides a critical interpretation of the ten years’ administration of Rafael Correa in Ecuador. The main goal is to comprehend to which extent structural transformations were achieved during his period in power and what lessons can be drawn in order to conceptualize strategies for the complete emancipation of Latin America.

These papers were originally presented at the XVIIIe conference on Romance language research in Scandinavia that took place at the University of Gothenburg August 9–12, 2011, bringing together researchers from Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, Baltic, and Swedish universities. The subjects approached cover a broad range of areas within linguistics, translation studies, literary studies and didactics. The following specialists were invited as key-note speakers: Manuel Alberca, Philippe Gasparini, Zlatka Guentchéva, and Martin Maiden.

En este estudio cualitativo de caso, el objetivo es analizar algunas características de la interacción verbal en tres conversaciones grabadas de tres manuales de ELE empleados en varias escuelas suecas, en específico: Vistas 3, Próxima Estación 3 y Caminando 3, para describir cuánto se aleja/se acerca a las características del habla cotidiana el idioma de los materiales auditivos para la enseñanza del español L2. La investigación se basa en el la teoría y el método del análisis de la conversación y en sus descubrimientos sobre la interacción espontánea. Los resultados del análisis detallado de las conversaciones grabadas revelan algunos patrones problemáticos. Por un lado, en cuanto a la secuencialidad de las acciones se muestra la falta de coordinación, de participación y de atención al co-participante y, por el otro lado, se presencian silencios largos entre los turnos de los hablantes que no suelen aparecer en una conversación natural. Otros fenómenos típicos de la interacción espontánea, como por ejemplo, reparaciones, co-construcciones y solapamientos, están ausentes en las conversaciones de los manuales. Por consiguiente, para un mejor aprendizaje del ELE creemos que es muy necesario disponer de mejores materiales didácticos, que reflejen mejor el habla auténtico, y que el profesorado reciba formación sobre las características de la lengua hablada.

Gunnar Martin Serner (1886-1947) skrev under pseudonymen Frank Heller romaner och noveller inom genren underhållningslitteratur, samt reseskildringar, men var även Vecko-Journalens korrespondent i Italien åren 1939-1943. Reportageserien gav upphov till reseberättelsen Gladiatorernas uttågsmarsch (Stockholm 1943). 

Peter Artedi (1705-1735) was a Swedish doctor, naturalist, and author of Ichthyologia (Leiden 1738), a book enjoying the reputation of being a pioneering work that has never been translated into any vernacular language. This paper demonstrates Artedi's innovative and consistent method of work through a Swedish translation of his treatment of one sincle species, Clupea maxilla inferiore longiore, maculis nigris carens "Strömming" in Volumes III, IV, and V of Ichthyologia. These three instalments are compared with the article on Clupea Harengus (Linn. 1758), "Herring", authored by Sir Francis Willughby (1636-1672) and John Ray (1627-1705), both of the Royal Society of London.

An anonymous critique of Peter Artedi’s (1705‒1735) Ichthyologia sive opera omnia de piscibus, the latter edited and published posthumously by Carolus Linnaeus (1707‒ 1778) in 1738, is shown to have been written by the Prussian jurist and naturalist Jacob Theodor Klein (1685‒1759), and sent to Hans Sloane (1660−1753) in London for his approval. The critique is transcribed and translated, and its contents assessed in light of Artedi’s contribution to Linnaean systematics. While in some ways highly critical of Artedi, Klein must have been well aware that by criticizing Artedi he was, by association, criticizing Linnaeus as well. Linnaeus’s editorial contributions to the Ichthyologia as well as his on-going antagonistic relationship with Klein are also discussed.

A manuscript catalogue of the fishes of the Baltic Sea, and of the rivers and lakes of Sweden, the only known original work of the Swedish ichthyologist Peter Artedi (170535) by his own hand, is translated into English for the first time, and its contents assessed in light of Artedi's contribution to the development and philosophy of Linnaean systematics. Appended accounts of Swedish cetaceans and terrestrial mammals are also discussed, as well as Artedi's 'principles of ichthyology', the methodology later employed in his magnum opus, the Ichthyologia of 1738. Evidence that Artedi presented the manuscript to Sir Hans Sloane as a way to introduce himself during his visit to London in 1734 is also provided.

The three oldest manuscripts of Sancta Birgitta, Revelationes, were written and illuminated in Naples in the last decades of the 14th century. At the same time panel paintings depicting the saint were produced by Niccolò di Tommaso. The history of the manuscripts is discussed, the artistic work is analysed.

“Anne of Green Gables” (1908) by L.M Montgomery has been translated into French four different times (1924, 1964, 1986 and 2020). However, it was not until the success of the Netflix series “Anne with an E” (2017) that Montgomery's text really became a success among French young readers. It took almost eighty years for the books to be published in its entirety (1986) and the text was retranslated in 2020 with a clear reference to Netflix on the cover. 

This paper seeks to investigate how the French translation of “Anne of Green Gables” from 2020 relates to the retranslation hypothesis (Berman 1990) and to the concept of transcreating which is “often appl[ied] in advertising and marketing context” (Pedersen 2014). I will focus on the newest translation of the first volume of the book series, but I will also compare to the older translations from 1964 and 1986. 

My research questions are therefore: How much does the Netflix series (marketing context) affect the translation itself? Is there room for transcreating and how does it take place? I will rely on Korzeniowska who assumes that transcreating takes “place when a translator recreates the given text for a specific audience, this mainly being within the field of advertising, when promoting brand-related products or preparing video games for foreign markets, etc.” (2000:73). I will also use the retranslation hypothesis by Berman (1990) and Chesterman, which presumes that “later translations tend to be closer to the source text” (Chesterman 2004:8). Many studies show that this hypothesis holds, but that it has no universal value. It seems that in the case of translation of “Anne of Green Gables” to French, transcreating makes the text readable for a young public, even if it takes liberties with the original text, and by this way brings it back to light.

Despite that English book market is closed, in this meaning that translations are less numerous than the national production (Even-Zohar 1990), this presentation aims to show that Swedish literature for children’s and young adults succeed in finding its place – even small – in this well-known hermetic market. It means that there is a circulation of books from a semi-peripheral language (as defined by Heilbron 2000) and a consecrator country as Sweden is, to a hypercentral language and dominating global market. Since the thesis of Broomé (2014) which examined the role and function of Swedish fiction in English translation on the British book market at the beginning of 2000s, there are no specific studies and collected data in both United-Kingdom (UK) and United States (US) especially on translated children’s and young adult’s literature and even less from Sweden. This presentation feels this gap by mapping Swedish children’s and young adult literature translated into English. It presents as well data on which actors publish this literature in the aim to further understand how and what kind of Swedish children’s and young adult’s literature circulate and which actors may have an impact on their circulation. Mapping those translations flows is a way to determine how intensive the exchanges are but above all it is a way to find patterns in the translated production from Sweden to the English-speaking market and to understand what is circulating between those countries. A hypothesis is that books that fit certain stereotype or representations about Scandinavia are more easily published in these two English-speaking countries. 

En 2015, 2089 livres pour la jeunesse ont paru en Suède, selon l’Institut Suédois des Livres pour Enfants (Bibliothèque Royale de Suède). 43% de ces livres sont traduits, et parmi eux la majorité (61%) est traduite de l’anglais mais le français arrive en sixième position avec 4,4%. Notre étude va présenter : combien il y a de livres pour la jeunesse traduits du français en suédois de 2010 à 2015, quels sont les types de livres traduits et quels thèmes ils abordent, notamment comparativement aux thèmes du système national et plus spécifiquement concernant la représentation de la France et de la culture française. Enfin, une étude de réception permettra de montrer comment ces livres sont reçus dans la culture cible.

La littérature de jeunesse est une littérature traditionnellement sous surveillance mais, en France, elle tente de se dégager, depuis les trente dernières années, d’une fonctionnalité éducative et moralisante. Lorsque deux romans pour adolescents suédois Faire le mort de Stefan Casta et Quand les trains passent de Malin Lindroth paraissent en France au début des années 2000, le débat sur le « peut-on tout dire aux adolescents/enfants » se réanime et ces deux romans sont, avec d’autres accusés par la critique de contribuer à « noircir » la littérature de jeunesse, voire à la rendre « malsaine ». Qu’est-ce qui dérange dans ces deux romans venus du Nord et pourquoi cet accueil français ? Ces deux romans mettent en scène une violence relativement inédite en France, celle de la violence gratuite entre des adolescents. Depuis la parution de Sa Majesté des mouches de William Golding (1954) au début des années 2000, peu de romans ont osé mettre aussi clairement en scène des adolescents-bourreaux se déchainant violemment contre un des leur sans (à priori) raisons particulières. Devant la nouveauté de cette thématique si sensible mais plus tabou, nous nous proposons de nous interroger ici, et à travers la réception de ces deux romans, sur la notion de « violence gratuite » à l’aide notamment du philosophe René Girard et les conséquences que cela implique en littérature de jeunesse. Nous nous attacherons ensuite à l’esthétique de la violence dans ces romans et sa mise en place,  en comparaison avec celle française, pour montrer comment finalement, malgré la sensibilité du sujet, se met en place un « respect du lecteur ».

In the context of Children's Literature, the treatment of violence and its cruelty may challenge the norms as well as the adult reader’s “horizon of expectation”. Guillaume Guéraud is one of the few French authors for young adult’s readers who chooses to ignore such norms. This article shows how violence is portrayed in three of his novels and how it can culminate in a “non-happy ending”. The omnipresence of the red and black motifs in Guéraud’s novels grants the teen reader a higher status, and transcends the didactic function often ascribed to adolescent literature.

La réception mouvementée de deux romans suédois pour adolescents, en France, au début des années 2000, permet de s’interroger sur le traitement de la thématique sensible de la violence gratuite exercée par des adolescents et de montrer comment cette thématique affronte brutalement une doxa propre à la littérature de jeunesse. À travers la réception et la traduction de ces deux romans, il est alors possible de mettre en lumière une résistance française face à la phobie de l’idylle suédoise. 

The reception of two Swedish novels for teenagers in France in the early years of 2000 raises questions on the treatment of the sensitive topic of “violence with no apparent reasons” and how it brutally goes against a doxa, specific to children's literature. Through the reception and translation of these two novels it is possible to highlight a French resistance against a Swedish phobic idyll.

Considering translation as a cultural product, it is possible to explore environmental imaginary (Kato and Allen 2014) through translated literature. Sweden, as a Scandinavian country, has a specific link to nature that may be different from the rest of the world (Duckworth 2021). This presentation aims to explore Swedish picture books translated into English (United-Kingdom) for the last decade and analyse how this translated children’s literature may create an understanding of the environmental challenges and contribute to sustainable development. The study is based on an original database which identifies Swedish picture books translated to English (UK) since 2012 and categorizes them according to two major movements: books which directly talk about environmental challenges and those which evoke them indirectly. From this corpus, an analyse based on concepts from ecocriticism (Goga 2018) will focus on which solutions that are proposed (e.g. activism or romantic sustainability) and the role children play in sustainable development. Finally, the analyse will focus on what the choices of translated picture books from Swedish to English tell us about English conceptions on children’s role in environmental topics. 

The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the role of Swedish literature for adolescents in the French literary scene in the early 2000s. The sociology of literature constitutes the main theoretical framework of this thesis.

Drawing from examples that broach the sensitive topic of "unprovoked violence" as it is treated in two Swedish novels for teenagers, Spelar död [Play Death] by Stefan Casta and När tågen går förbi (Train Wreck) by Malin Lindroth, this thesis shows how these novels are innovative in Even-Zohar’s sense of the term, as addressed in his Polysystem Theory (1990). By introducing "unprovoked violence" and violent teenagers via a realistic genre, such works filled a vacuum in the French system and injected a new dynamic into it. This dynamic makes it possible for new literary models to be introduced in the system and to change the standards of that system.

The analyses of the French and Swedish receptions of the two novels mentioned above show that they gave rise to a moral panic in France, which is not an unusual thing to happen in periods of ongoing change. This also clarifies the differences in norms between the two systems. The French system tends to reject dark topics, while the Swedish wishes to discuss them. The investigations of the translations of unprovoked violence show that adherence to Swedish norms determine the translation’s adequacy (Toury), which may be part of the reason for the stormy reception the two works received in France, and their undergoing censure. The position of translators and publishers in the literary system also plays a major role for a translated text not being censured during the transfer from one system to another.

Even if the Swedish titles translated into French are few, this thesis shows that the impact of Swedish literature on adolescents in France is certain. By introducing new and sensitive topics, such novels could be early markers of an evolution of the French field of literature for adolescents.

I Frankrike styrs barn- och ungdomspublikationer av en lag från juli 1949 som har till syfte att förhindra ungdomens ”demoralisering”. Denna lag har utan tvekan haft ett starkt inflytande på den franska ungdomslitteraturen. Författare och förläggare kan nämligen hållas juridiskt ansvariga för sina texters innehåll. Däremot är den svenska ungdomslitteraturen känd för sin frihet i hur vissa ”känsliga” ämnen behandlas (se Delbrassine 2006). Ett av dessa känsliga ämnen är ”oprovocerat våld” (fr. violence gratuite), vilket är centralt i Spelar död av Stefan Casta. Denna text hyllades av den svenska kritikerkåren medan den väckte starka reaktioner och stor debatt bland franska kritiker. Frågan är om denna franska ”tveksamhet” och detta motstånd mot våldsamma inslag i ungdomslitteratur kan spåras i översättningarna. Vi har undersökt empiriskt hur tvåspråkiga läsare upplever våldet i Castas text och dess franska översättning. Föreliggande studie visar att översättningen tonar ner textens verbala våld. Trots detta upplevs den franska översättningen som lika våldsam eller något mindre våldsam som det svenska originalet. Detta kan bero på att översättaren inte har gjort någon ändring i det diegetiska våldet – och detta trots de starka normer som råder i den franska barn- och ungdomslitteraturen.

Le présent article s’intéresse aux difficultés de traduction des jurons dans la version française du roman suédois Här ligger jag och blöder (2010) de Jenny Jägerfeld (Mère forte à agitée, 2015). Il s’agit de comprendre si les jurons ont résisté à la traductionet à quel degré. Les questions centrales de cette présente étude sont de savoir quels sont les procédés utilisés par les traductrices et s’ils préservent les fonctions des jurons. De plus, nous avons étudié quelles conséquences ces choix de traduction ont dans le texte cible. Nos résultats indiquent que les traductrices restent proches du texte source par un constant équilibre entre différentes stratégies de traduction, mais qu’elles font aussi preuve de créativité et d’originalité, ce qui permet au texte français de garder la spécificité du texte suédois.

This study aims at examining the level of institutionalization of the argentine party system as well as the Justicialist party. The paper presents two parallel analyses on the argentine party system and the Justicialist Party using two different perspectives on the concept of institutionalization. The first is a qualitative analysis using Mainwaring and Scully’s (1995) theory and operationalization of institutionalizations of party systems. This part analyses presidential and parliamentary electoral results in the period between 1995 and 2013. The second part of the study is a qualitative analysis of the Justicialist Party within the theoretical framework proposed by Randall and Svåsand (2002). This section analyses the origins of the party and its history throughout the 1900’s focusing on the character of the party, the relationship between the party as a whole and its leader(s) as well as the relationship between the party as a whole and its different factions. 

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia que tiene la destreza de la expresión escrita en los manuales de español como lengua extranjera destinados a un público adulto de nivel básico, más concretamente de nivel A2. Asimismo, pretende observar qué tratamiento se hace de dos aspectos relacionados con la composición escrita: los géneros discursivos y los procesos de escritura. Para ello, recogemos datos a partir de una plantilla de análisis que aplicamos a cinco manuales de diferentes editoriales españolas publicados después de 2006. En esta recogida de datos destaca de la alta presencia de actividades de expresión escrita en los manuales. En relación a los géneros discursivos, los manuales dan importancia al trabajo explícito de los aspectos analizados para el presente trabajo: contexto comunicativo, destinatario y propósito. Sin embargo, notamos una presencia baja de textos que sirvan como modelo a los estudiantes a la hora de realizar sus producciones textuales y es prácticamente inexistente la reflexión acerca de la estructura y características de los modelos. En cuanto a los procesos de escritura, el proceso de textualización es el que tiene más presencia en los cinco manuales analizados, mientras que la planificación y la revisión quedan relegadas a un segundo plano con una ocurrencia más baja. En la misma línea, destacamos la poca relevancia dada a la revisión, especialmente la retroalimentación entre pares. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y basada en un enfoque ecléctico de la didáctica de la expresión escrita, presentamos una propuesta didáctica pensada para el nivel A2 en la que se combina el trabajo explícito del género discursivo con los procesos de escritura, así como fomenta la escritura colaborativa.

The collection covers topics of interest to both the historical and linguistic study of the contacts between speakers of African and Iberian languages in the constitution of Latin American societies. Supported by historical and demographic data, the twelve chapters cover topics of interest to the discussion on the formation of Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Moreover, the book draws attention to the need to articulate the fields of Linguistics and History and contributes to the discussion on the formation of varieties of Latin American Portuguese and Spanish.

This chapter focuses on the speech of slave spirits, or pretos-velhos (‘old Blacks’), that we meet in Umbanda communities in Brazil. Such spirits are understood as old African slaves who may possess initiated mediums during the state of trance in rituals. Pretos-velhos represent the memory of slavery by showing a linguistic behavior associated with their condition of enslaved Africans brought from Africa to Brazil: a particular way of speaking, as if an old speaker of African languages who had learned Portuguese as a second language. Earlier studies discuss linguistic characteristics that distinguish the speech of pretos-velhos from other varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, and compare their speech with literary representations of the speech of Africans and their descendants in Brazil, affirming that the contact between speakers of Portuguese and African languages can explain the emergence of specific linguistic features. This chapter will analyze both recordings with one preto-velho called Pai João (‘Father John’) gathered by the author during fieldwork in an Umbanda community in 2005, and written representations of the speech of pretos-velhos in books with Umbanda ritual songs. The findings indicate that, at some point in time, the linguistic features represented in the speech of pretos-velhos were characteristic of all speakers of African languages who learned Portuguese as a second language informally in Brazilian colonial settings. Moreover, the use of certain phonetic and grammatical features in the speech of pretos-velhos has contributed to the characterization of the linguistic behavior of native speakers of African languages who acquired Portuguese as a second language. Some of the features are also present in the so-called Brazilian vernacular Portuguese (and may even be explained by contact with African languages), other signal the speech of a foreigner. The oral representations can be used to complement the limited written data available to us on the speech of the slave population. Finally, we believe that in sacred spaces, where the agents or owners of discourse belong to Afro-Brazilian religious communities, specific or innovative linguistic features seem to recreate African ancestral dignity. After all, the pretos-velhos, spirits of the light, born in Africa, are always ready to help people who often come to Umbanda temples the consult them.

The aim of the paper is to discuss names and naming practices among Africans and their descendants in slave societies in the Americas and to present a brief overview of naming systems among these groups in colonial as well as modern Brazil. Data from previous research on names and naming practices in a number of slave societies in the Americas constitutes the point of departure for discussing who named enslaved Africans and their sons and daughters, in order to provide an overview of the different types of names that have been registered for such groups, and to comment on how these names may have been chosen and used, as well as how they reflect power relations and express resistance. The paper shows that owners were not always the name-givers of slaves and that, although African names are rare in historical records, modern naming practices may still include components of African origins and evoke memories of collective experiences. 

This article studies words of African origin with a lexicographic record in Uruguay, focusing on two chronological extremes: the first dictionary published in Uruguay in 1890, Vocabulario Rioplatense Razonado, and the most recent, Diccionario del Español del Uruguay, from 2011. It describes the journey of 14 lexical items through Uruguayan lexicography eliciting variants, derivatives, meanings, brands and information on their origin and use. It verifies if they have been collected in the Portuguese lexicography and presents possible etyma in African languages. To conclude, it highlights that most of the words appear in the most recent dictionary, that they are of Bantu origin and that they probably entered Uruguayan Spanish through Portuguese. It also notes that some of them are not far from their original meaning, while others have evolved in a distinct way in Uruguayan Spanish.

Mellan 1881 och 1914 beräknas mellan 3 000 och 5 000 svenskar ha migrerat tillBrasilien. Trots att det inte handlade om någon massutvandring i jämförelse medutvandringen till Nordamerika fick denna migration stor uppmärksamhet i densamtida svenska pressen. Brasilien framstod som ett exotiskt resmål men emigrationendit hamnade också i en relativt livlig debatt som handlade om det överhuvudtagetvar lämpligt för svenskar att bosätta sig i Brasilien. Denna studie byggerfrämst på publicerade brev och dagboksanteckningar från svenskar som emigrerattill Brasilien och hur de i dessa texter framställt sina migrationsprojekt i det nyalandet.

I denna avhandling undersöks hur den politiska utvecklingen i Brasilien mellan

presidentvalen 2018 och 2022 påverkade de demokratiska institutionerna och den

demokratiska styrningen i landet. Studien betonar den känsloladdade retoriken i Jair

Bolsonaros presidentskap som en central faktor. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ och

utforskande metodik, som uteslutande bygger på analys av akademisk litteratur, dissekerar

studien ansvarsutkrävande och demokratisk erosion samtidigt som den erbjuder strategier

för att stärka den demokratiska styrningen i Brasilien. Studien understryker det akuta

behovet av att stärka den institutionella motståndskraften, återställa allmänhetens

förtroende och främja transparens och ansvarighet i styrningen. Framtida

forskningsinriktningar förespråkar metodologisk diversifiering och en omfattande

utforskning av politiska partiers dynamik. Genom denna vetenskapliga undersökning

syftar avhandlingen till att bidra väsentligt till den nyanserade förståelsen av den

brasilianska politiska dynamiken och utvecklingen av dess demokrati.

Desde hace casi 300 años junto al estrecho de Gibraltar pervive una colonia inglesa en la que conviven dos lenguas, inglés y español. La primera es la lengua oficial de la colonia y la segunda es la lengua de contacto de las poblaciones limítrofes. A más de 5000 km de Gibraltar, se encuentran la lengua inglesa y española entre la población de origen hispano residente en EEUU. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar las estrategias de atenuación, actos de habla e imagen social que tienen lugar durante la mezcla de códigos entre inglés y español en estos dos contextos diferentes para, de esta manera, ver si podemos hallar similitudes y diferencias en el uso de fenómenos pragmáticos en la mezcla de códigos de español e inglés entre el spanglish y el yanito. Para ello analizamos la mezcla de códigos en las oraciones de dos conversaciones informales de extensión similar con el objetivo de encontrar una respuesta al objeto de nuestro estudio. Primero seleccionamos las oraciones donde se produce el cambio de código siguiendo el método de análisis de contenido temático. Posteriormente analizamos el contenido de una conversación telefónica en yanito y el podcast de una entrevista de radio en spanglish desde el punto de vista pragmático, identificando las estrategias de atenuación, actos de habla y la imagen social de afiliación/autonomía en ambos corpus. Los resultados más significativos sugieren que desde el punto de vista pragmático en yanito se busca influir más en la interlocutora, pero manteniendo una mayor intención de afiliación, mientras que en spanglish se tiende más a acotar lo dicho, justificando y usando con mayor frecuencia la imagen social de autonomía. En ambos casos el acto ilocutivo más empleado es el asertivo, sin embargo, en spanglish se da un mayor número de actos expresivos.

As new to the Swedish research system, one is faced with a series of questions, about what applies to qualifications, what the networks look like, but also practical issues. To make things easier, YAS has developed a guide for international researchers, to help navigate Swedish academia and remove time-consuming obstacles.

Med denna bok öppnar Mari Bacquin dörren till den medeltida höviska litteraturen för en bred läsekrets. Hon menar att dess förmåga att fängsla sin publik ofta har fått stå tillbaka för filologiska frågor. Trots viss stilistisk spretighet lyckas Bacquin genomgående hålla läsaren intresserad.