In this article a precedent from the Supreme Administrative Court in Sweden is analysed (RÅ 2009 ref. 64). The case concerns an application for a care order by a local Social Welfare Authority according to section 2 inThe Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (1990:52). It regards the child of a single mother with an intellectual disability. The purpose of the article is to study the interpretation of the legal requirements of a “palpable risk of detriment” to the child’s health or development and to what degree the evaluations are based on the knowledge of risk assessment in social sciences. The study shows that there are limited possibilities to anticipate and calculate the palpable risks of detriment caused by facts of neglect, that sometimes are the consequences of intellectually incapacitated parents´ inabilities. Assessing a specific child’s social prognosis is always complex, difficult and occasionally almost impossible. Present demands of evidential value when establishing “palpable risk of detriment” to the child’s health or development are therefore unrealistic. The conclusion of the article is that the legal demand for risk evaluations in section 2 in The Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act is inadequate designed. The author recommends that the words of the act are focused on the present and the past instead of the future.

In this article a precedent from the Supreme Administrative Court in Sweden is analysed (RÅ 2009 ref. 64). The case concerns an application for a care order by a local Social Welfare Authority according to section 2 inThe Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act (1990:52). It regards the child of a single mother with an intellectual disability. The purpose of the article is to study the interpretation of the legal requirements of a “palpable risk of detriment” to the child’s health or development and to what degree the evaluations are based on the knowledge of risk assessment in social sciences. The study shows that there are limited possibilities to anticipate and calculate the palpable risks of detriment caused by facts of neglect, that sometimes are the consequences of intellectually incapacitated parents´ inabilities. Assessing a specific child’s social prognosis is always complex, difficult and occasionally almost impossible. Present demands of evidential value when establishing “palpable risk of detriment” to the child’s health or development are therefore unrealistic. The conclusion of the article is that the legal demand for risk evaluations in section 2 in The Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act is inadequate designed. The author recommends that the words of the act are focused on the present and the past instead of the future.

Swedish schools are required to counteract degrading treatment. If the school staff fails to counteract properly, damage might be claimed. The aim of this study was to examine the Education Act and to perform a qualitative content analysis of descriptions of countermeasures in 16 cases of peer abuse reported to the School Inspectorate. A framework of legal sociology was used. The results show that the requirements of countermeasures in the Education Act are vague. The results also show that the school staff and the reporting parents had divergent perceptions of what had happened. They could therefore not agree on what countermeasures should have been taken. The reporting parents described every measure that was unsuccessful as inadequate. The school staff, on the other hand, described measures that seemed to have been the best possible options as good enough, even though the abuse had not actually been stopped. It is argued that school staff needs competence and resources to counteract peer abuse more than they need an increase in rules and administrative procedures.

Swedish schools are required to counteract degrading treatment. If the school staff fails to counteract properly, damage might be claimed. The aim of this study was to examine the Education Act and to perform a qualitative content analysis of descriptions of countermeasures in 16 cases of peer abuse reported to the School Inspectorate. A framework of legal sociology was used. The results show that the requirements of countermeasures in the Education Act are vague. The results also show that the school staff and the reporting parents had divergent perceptions of what had happened. They could therefore not agree on what countermeasures should have been taken. The reporting parents described every measure that was unsuccessful as inadequate. The school staff, on the other hand, described measures that seemed to have been the best possible options as good enough, even though the abuse had not actually been stopped. It is argued that school staff needs competence and resources to counteract peer abuse more than they need an increase in rules and administrative procedures.

Unfortunately, the police have daily encounters with children and young people that for some reason are in harm’s way. The article deals with the question of temporary decision making by the police as a tool to protect children and young people. The Swedish Police Act (polislagen) enables the police to make compulsory decisions temporarily with the purpose of handing over the child to a legal guardian or the social services. The legal provision is described as a tool for child protection and can also be seen as a tool to ensure the rights of the child and the best interest of the child. However, the present article explores the scope of the legal provision and finds that it is only applicable with regards to the behavior of the child. It does not protect children who are in harm’s way due to the behavior of the parent or the legal guardian. The article argues that there is a need to review the Swedish Police Act to strengthen children’s rights and fulfill Sweden’s obligations according to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. 

In Sweden, the recent debate on youth crime has focused on strengthening repressive measures. At the same time, government work is underway to strengthen children’s rights. Young people who are placed for the purpose of care in secure youth care (locked institutions) are placed at the intersection of these two trends. Starting from a critical children’s rights perspective, we explore how young people understand rights in a secure care environment and discuss how these understandings relates to central principals, laws and conventions. We start from the concrete situations and contexts in which rights are to be realized in order to contribute to a better understanding of the importance of rights in a secure care environment. The empirical data consists of 15 youth interviews, at four institutions. Three understandings of rights are identified; rights as tokens where rights are seen as something symbolic and without meaning, rights as self-responsibility where rights are seen as conditional on the young people’s actions and, rights as fundamental value where rights are understood as respect for one’s own and others’ human dignity, regardless of their actions. The three understandings of rights can be linked to different care contexts and to the relationship between staff and young people. Taken together, the young people’s understandings highlight the importance of basic principles of dignity and respect on equal terms, as well as the right of children deprived of their liberty to be helped to reintegrate into society. Implications for the operation of secure youth care are highlighted.

In Sweden, the recent debate on youth crime has focused on strengthening repressive measures. At the same time, government work is underway to strengthen children’s rights. Young people who are placed for the purpose of care in secure youth care (locked institutions) are placed at the intersection of these two trends. Starting from a critical children’s rights perspective, we explore how young people understand rights in a secure care environment and discuss how these understandings relates to central principals, laws and conventions. We start from the concrete situations and contexts in which rights are to be realized in order to contribute to a better understanding of the importance of rights in a secure care environment. The empirical data consists of 15 youth interviews, at four institutions. Three understandings of rights are identified; rights as tokens where rights are seen as something symbolic and without meaning, rights as self-responsibility where rights are seen as conditional on the young people’s actions and, rights as fundamental value where rights are understood as respect for one’s own and others’ human dignity, regardless of their actions. The three understandings of rights can be linked to different care contexts and to the relationship between staff and young people. Taken together, the young people’s understandings highlight the importance of basic principles of dignity and respect on equal terms, as well as the right of children deprived of their liberty to be helped to reintegrate into society. Implications for the operation of secure youth care are highlighted.

In Sweden, unlike for example Norway, problems associated with people "falling between the cracks" and ending up outside the welfare systems has not led to extensive restructuring of the social insurance system. Instead, in many cases, cooperation between authorities and responsible actors is emphasized as a means to prevent social and economic exclusion. Since 2008, cutbacks in Swedish sickness benefits has increased the proportion of job seekers with weak ties to the labour market, thus also increasing the number of individuals potentially subject to such cooperation. However, our study shows that those denied of sickness benefits, as the Social Security Agency considered them capable of working, will not in all cases be eligible for unemployment benefits. One reason is that different work ability concepts apply, where the assessment of the right to sickness benefits is characterized by the purpose to insure those unable to work due to sickness, whilst the corresponding assessment in the unemployment insurance is characterized by the purpose to insure those who are able to work. It also shows that a clear assessment of the overlap between these respective work ability concepts is made difficult, especially due to unclarities regarding what constitutes work ability in the unemployment insurance. Therefore, the design of the insurance systems affects the potential to reduce exclusion through cooperation, and poses challenges to legal security for those in transition between the systems and to a well-informed management of insurance policies.

For an elderly individual the chance to move into a publicly-provided elder care home can be crucial for a dignified life. The aim of this article is to scrutinize the right to such assistance under the Swedish Social Services Act. The legal regulation, as well as its application in lower courts, is analyzed using vulnerability theory. 

A goal of the Swedish elder care regulation is to make it possible for elderly persons to live safe, independent lives. If an elderly individual no longer can maintain a reasonable standard of living in his or her own home, he or she could be entitled to a place in an elderly care home. This requires – in practice – that around-the-clock-care is needed due to complex medical, psychological and social needs. The article’s analysis, starting from the responsiveness of the state and the autonomy and individuality of the elderly person, reveals legal shortcomings in the law and its application. A mixed set of determining sources for legal decisions, including local guidelines from Sweden’s municipalities, sets up for legal uncertainty and a weak position for the elder. Lastly, we offer some thoughts to inspire future research in re-thinking the needs and rights of the elderly. 

Officiellt betraktas sjukvård i Sverige som lagenlig endast om vården har godkänts som säker och effektiv både på vetenskaplig grund och efter noggrant beprövad erfarenhet. Denna vårdstandard – i kortform kallad vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet – har fungerat som grund för att avgöra medicinska förde-lar, liksom gränserna för godtagbara medicinska metoder, rätten till ersättning för skador och straffrättsligt ansvar. Till följd av problem med patientsäkerheten i Sverige på senare år har emellertid verkningsgraden i denna vårdstandard kommit att ifrågasätta. Kritiker mot vårdstandarden har också betonat bristen på tydlighet beträffande gränserna för lagenlig vård medan alltfler lagförslag kommit att innehålla förändringar i det medicinrättsliga ramverket i syfte att undvika möjligheten att se till att vårdstandarden tillämpas och att tillåta behandlingsmetoder som inte möter vårdstandarden. Den här artikeln studerar denna utveckling och ger en överblick över vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet som rättsregel. Den undersöker rättskällorna och analyserar vårdstandarden inom det svenska rättsliga ramverket och förklarar varför avvikelser från denna standard kan få betydande rättsliga konsekvenser. Artikeln förklarar vidare varför internationell rätt, i synnerhet Europakonventionen, Konventionen om ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheter och Barnkonventionen kräver att vårdstandarden förtydligas och tillämpas. I artikeln dras slutsatsen att införlivandet av dessa grundläggande normer kräver att vårdstandarden såsom tillämplig rättsregel förtydligas och utvecklas – något som inte kan lämnas till den medicinska professionen utan rättslig översyn

Den svenska lagen (2003:460) om etikprövning av forskning som avser människor (etikprövningslagen) trädde i kraft 2004. Lagen är i hög grad baserad på Europarådets konvention om skyddet av de mänskliga rättigheterna och människovärdesprincipen i relation till biologi och medicin. Lagens övergripande mål är dock att reglera inte bara medicinsk forskning utan innefattar etikprövning av forskning inom alla vetenskapliga fält. Syftet med lagen är att tillhandahålla ett skydd för individers privatliv och integritet när de ingår i såväl humanistisk-samhällsvetenskaplig som medicinsk forskning. Det kan dock konstateras att det i etikprövningslagens förarbeten och efterföljande utredningar inte har analyserats närmare om lagens reglering av klinisk forskning är i överensstämmelse med andra internationella medicinska och etiska riktlinjer och människorättskonventioner. I denna artikel analyseras kraven på rättsligt skydd för personer, särskilt barn, som genomgår vård som är ett led i klinisk forskning. Utgångspunkten tas i den reglering inom FN och Europarådet som följer eller inkorporerar internationella medicinska och etiska riktlinjer. Artikeln drar slutsatsen att det för närvarande bara går att spekulera i konsekvenserna av Sveriges inkorporering av barnkonventionen. Betydande reformer kommer att krävas för att säkerställa att svensk rätt står i överensstämmelse med Barnkonventionen.

According to the Swedish Patient Act (2014:821) the patient’s autonomy and integrity is to be respected. But how is this to be understood in relation to child patients? With the Patient Act, provisions directed to child patients have come into force. That is, a provision stating the best interest of the child (PA Ch. 1, Sec. 8) and a provision stating that when the patient is a child, information should be given to the custodians as well (PA Ch. 3, Sec. 3). Also, a provision stating that the child’s view on the care and treatment in question should be clarified and taken into consideration in relation to age and maturity (PA Ch. 4, Sec. 3). This provision is complementary to a provision stating that care and treatment cannot be enforced without the consent of the patient (PA Ch. 4, Sec. 2). In the article three concepts are discussed: sufficently mature, the best interest of the child and the custodians’ decision-making power. These concepts are used in the preparatory work of the Patient Act, framing children’s rights and giving these rights meaning in relation to child patients. It is argued that these concepts give child patients both a vague and a weak legal position in the Patient Act, having negative consequences for the protection of the integrity of the child. In order to strenghten children’s rights and legal position as patients, it is suggested that the consent provision in the Patient Act also should encompass children.

Den som behöver hjälp med att bevaka sin rätt eller att förvalta sin egendom kan under vissa förutsättningar få en förvaltare förordnad av tingsrätten. Den som får en förvaltare förordnad för sig förlorar som regel rådighet över det som omfattas av förvaltaruppdraget. För att en förvaltare ska kunna fullgöra sitt uppdrag är det av betydelse att han eller hon har möjlighet att ta del av handlingar som rör huvudmannen och även uppgifter som omfattas av sekretess.

Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen har i dom HFD 2020 ref. 50, meddelad den 11 november 2020, klargjort vilken rätt en förvaltare har att för huvudmannens räkning ta del av uppgifter hos överförmyndaren som rör ställföreträdarskapet och som omfattas av sekretess.

I artikeln diskuteras och analysers den aktuella domen.

This is a cartographic vertical analysis of a verdict by the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court, regarding the right to support from the Social Services (HFD 2017 ref. 33). The case concerned three children and their mother whom lacked formal residency. They applied for assistance under the Social Services Act and the municipality’s health and welfare committee rejected the application. Following an appeal to the administrative court, it was decided that since undocumented persons in Sweden are not entitled to assistance according to the Act on the reception of asylum seekers, they are entitled to such assistance under the Social Services Act. However, the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court stated that the Social Services do not have discretionary power to provide assistance under Chapter 4, Section 1 of the Social Services Act, to someone whose asylum application had been rejected and who lives clandestinely to avoid expulsion. The judgement also applies to emergency assistance. We analyse the decision as an expression of interlegality (de Sousa Santos 1987), a notion that provides an understanding of processes that allow different legal systems, with different raison d’être, focus and scope, to interact. Three mechanisms enable distortions, or specific representations, of reality: scaling, projections and symbols. By studying the legally manifested right to an “adequate standard of living” and the court’s reasoning, as a cartography, we identify constructions through law and point to their implications for boundaries in the welfare state.

This is a cartographic vertical analysis of a verdict by the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court, regarding the right to support from the Social Services (HFD 2017 ref. 33). The case concerned three children and their motherwhom lacked formal residency. They applied for assistance under the Social Services Act and the municipality’s health and welfare committee rejected the application. Following an appeal to the administrative court, it was decided that since undocumented persons in Sweden are not entitled to assistance according to the Act on the reception of asylum seekers, they are entitled to such assistance under the Social Services Act. However, the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court stated that the Social Services do not have discretionary power to provide assistance under Chapter 4, Section 1 of the Social Services Act, to someone whose asylum application had been rejected and who lives clandestinely to avoid expulsion. The judgement also applies to emergency assistance. We analyse the decision as an expression of interlegality (de Sousa Santos 1987), a notion that provides an understanding of processes that allow different legal systems, with different raison d’être, focus and scope, to interact. Three mechanisms enable distortions, or specific representations, of reality: scaling, projections and symbols. By studying the legally manifested right to an “adequate standard of living” and the court’s reasoning, as a cartography, we identify constructions through law and point to their implications for bounda- ries in the welfare state.

This article discusses the need for specialized courts within the field of child protection in Sweden. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has recently pronounced that the signatory states to the Child Convention are to consider the establishment of specialized courts to handle such cases. Consequently, as a signatory state, a discussion of this is necessary in Sweden, where general administrative courts, without requirements of specific knowledge or experience, review and decide child protection cases. The overall aim of this article is to raise the legal issues that need to be analyzed and considered in order to properly evaluate whether such specialized children’s courts need to be established, and if so, what function such courts should have. The starting point of the article is a comparison between the Swedish system and the system in the Australian state of Victoria, where specialized children’s courts deal with cases concerning child protection. Descriptions of both systems are given, put in an overall international context with regards to different legal traditions and the different approaches to specialized courts. Thereafter the two systems are compared with a special focus on judicial proceedings. By comparing the two systems, overall aspects of significant importance for the legitimacy of the child protection system as a whole are elucidated. These aspects are divided first into issues of more specific significance within child protection, i.e. a more defined analysis of the right to a fair trial, the impact of the principle of the best interest of the child and a child's right to be heard, as well as the requirements of a complete decisional basis in child protection cases. Second, issues concerning the role and function of the courts in the legal system as a whole are raised, including the distribution of power as set out and defined in politics, law and other fields. The article concludes with proposals for the current Swedish system.

An Analysis of Lvu-Supplies "Socially Degrading Behavior" in the Light of Hfd 2015 Ref. 7: Conditions for Disposing of Young Adults Due to Risk of Honor-Related Violence and Repression in Swedish Law

Caring for and placing children or young people outside of the home against the wishes of custodians and decision-minded children is one of the most interventive measures that the state can take through its responsible authorities. High demands must therefore be made on the legislator and on the applicant. Decisions in individual cases must be taken taking into account inter alia legality, objectivity and proportionality and the legislator must be sufficiently clear. The conditions for the preparation of compulsory childcare in Swedish law are given in law (1990: 52) with special provisions for the care of young people (LVU). Intervention may only occur in severe cases when voluntary measures are not possible or sufficient. It must be shown that the individual child / adolescent lives in misconduct, either linked to the home environment being very deficient and harmful and / or by the child or the adolescent showing his own destructive behavior which poses a significant risk of harm to the child's health or development. As regards home remedies (Section 2), they may only be taken and continued until the child is 18 years old, while care due to the young's own destructive behavior (Section 3) may commence until the child completes 20 years and ends by the age of 21 years (Section 1).

Svensk hälso- och sjukvård står inför stora utmaningar rörande kommunikation med patienter. En del av dessa utmaningar är kopplade till situationer där patienter, såsom asylsökande eller papperslösa, inte själva behärskar svenska språket. Användning av tolktjänster kan vara nödvändigt i sådana situationer. I denna artikel undersöks vårdgivarens och vårdpersonalens skyldigheter i tre situationer, nämligen, när patienten kräver tolkanvändning, när patienten vägrar tolkanvändning och när patienten inte uttrycker någon åsikt angående tolkbehov. Artikeln fokuserar på åtaganden enligt internationella konventioner om mänskliga rättigheter samt svensk allmän och speciell förvaltningsrätt. I artikeln diskuteras även regionernas tolkning av skyldigheten att erbjuda tolk. Undersökningen görs med hjälp av traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod. I artikeln dras slutsatserna att patientens vilja att ha tillgång till tolktjänster ska respekteras enligt svensk rätt, men den har inte avgörande betydelse enligt internationella åtaganden om mänskliga rättigheter. Både nationell och internationell rätt tillåter vårdgivarna att bortse från patientens önskemål om att avstå från tolkanvändning, om användning av tolk är nödvändigt för att rädda patientens liv eller hälsa. Samtidigt innebär åtaganden enligt internationella konventioner ett ansvar för regionerna att utreda orsakerna till varför patienten vägrar tolktjänster och tillhandhålla nödvändiga anpassningar. I situationer där patienter inte utrycker någon åsikt kring användningen av språktolk, ska tolkning tillhandhållas där det bedöms nödvändigt för att säkerställa patientens självbestämmande och integritet i vården. I artikeln framhävs även att regioner sällan har riktlinjer om hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens skyldigheter att anlita tolk och de få riktlinjer som finns ser olika ut i olika delar av landet. Detta kan resultera i stora regionala skillnader i vårdtillgängligheten för asylsökande och papperslösa, samt förvirring för vårdpersonalen huruvida de är skyldiga att använda en språktolk eller ej. För att säkerställa patienters möjligheter att få vård av god kvalité, rekommenderas i artikeln att Socialstyrelsen tar fram en nationell vägledning för att klargöra vårdgivarnas och vårdpersonalens skyldigheter i de utmanande situationer som uppstår inom vården.

Svensk hälso- och sjukvård står inför stora utmaningar rörande kommunikation med patienter. En del av dessa utmaningar är kopplade till situationer där patienter, såsom asylsökande eller papperslösa, inte själva behärskar svenska språket. Användning av tolktjänster kan vara nödvändigt i sådana situationer. I denna artikel undersöks vårdgivarens och vårdpersonalens skyldigheter i tre situationer, nämligen, när patienten kräver tolkanvändning, när patienten vägrar tolkanvändning och när patienten inte uttrycker någon åsikt angående tolkbehov. Artikeln fokuserar på åtaganden enligt internationella konventioner om mänskliga rättigheter samt svensk allmän och speciell förvaltningsrätt. I artikeln diskuteras även regionernas tolkning av skyldigheten att erbjuda tolk. Undersökningen görs med hjälp av traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod. I artikeln dras slutsatserna att patientens vilja att ha tillgång till tolktjänster ska respekteras enligt svensk rätt, men den har inte avgörande betydelse enligt internationella åtaganden om mänskliga rättigheter. Både nationell och internationell rätt tillåter vårdgivarna att bortse från patientens önskemål om att avstå från tolkanvändning, om användning av tolk är nödvändigt för att rädda patientens liv eller hälsa. Samtidigt innebär åtaganden enligt internationella konventioner ett ansvar för regionerna att utreda orsakerna till varför patienten vägrar tolktjänster och tillhandhålla nödvändiga anpassningar. I situationer där patienter inte utrycker någon åsikt kring användningen av språktolk, ska tolkning tillhandhållas där det bedöms nödvändigt för att säkerställa patientens självbestämmande och integritet i vården. I artikeln framhävs även att regioner sällan har riktlinjer om hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens skyldigheter att anlita tolk och de få riktlinjer som finns ser olika ut i olika delar av landet. Detta kan resultera i stora regionala skillnader i vårdtillgängligheten för asylsökande och papperslösa, samt förvirring för vårdpersonalen huruvida de är skyldiga att använda en språktolk eller ej. För att säkerställa patienters möjligheter att få vård av god kvalité, rekommenderas i artikeln att Socialstyrelsen tar fram en nationell vägledning för att klargöra vårdgivarnas och vårdpersonalens skyldigheter i de utmanande situationer som uppstår inom vården.

 2023 marked thirty years since European Union citizenship was introduced as the Treaty of Maastricht entered into force. Celebrated as the world’s first “transnational legal status”, yet a complement to nationality, the status entails rights that have been expanded, modified, re-interpreted, against the background of the economic integration process. Criticisms against European Union citizenship frequently focus its exclusionary nature, often in relation to economic factors. This offers the springboard from which we started to reflect in pulling together this special issue.

The articles presented in this special issue are the result of a conference held 22–23 November 2022 in Uppsala, Sweden, entitled European Citizens Thirty Years On: Economic Contributors, Political Members, Right-holders?

The conference offered an important occasion to reflect on, and assess, the past three decades of Union citizenship with the understanding that citizenship has to be grasped in opposition to different forms of exclusion – legal, political and social. Different disciplinary outlooks were thus taken into account. Its aim was, more specifically, to assess the three decades of Union citizen- ship against the backdrop of the revival of interest in economic contributions and the role these ought to play in attribution of social roles and political power. We therefore asked whether economic contributions matter more, and what this means for citizenship, and European Union citizenship in particular.

Ethical review has in recent decades played an increasingly prominent role in the research community. In addition to the main function of the ethics review – to assess the benefits and risks of a planned research project – a further function has become increasingly important, namely ethical review as a tool for legal protection. International, European and Swedish fundamental rights documents entail a right to privacy (both physical and personal integrity) and the right to data protection. There are two internationally recognized safeguards to implement these rights in the field of scientific research: the requirement for informed consent and ethical review. The article analyzes the legal structure for ethical review in Swedish law, taking its departure in a matter decided by the Ethics Review Authority and the Board of Appeal for Ethics Review in 2020, where a research project was considered to fall outside the scope of the Ethics Review Act, after a narrow interpretation of relevant legal concepts. Based on an analysis of the phenomenon of juridification, the question is asked whether the Swedish ethics review is designed to provide adequate access to ethical review for research, while at the same time providing effective legal protection for research participants. The conclusion drawn is that the ethical review ought to be handled as an ethical tool, rather than a legal one. Focus ought to be placed on the ethical balancing of the benefits of a planned research project against the welfare of the research participants in the individual case, rather than a review of legal particularities.

I en dom som meddelades i juni 2016 hade HD att avgöra om en örfil som utdelats av en lärare mot en sjuårig elev utgjorde en sådan allvarlig kränkning att ersättning skulle utgå till eleven.[1] I denna artikel kommer några utvalda aspekter på HD:s avgörande att diskuteras med fokus på tillsynspliktens räckvidd, vad som utgör en kränkning i SkolL mening och när en kränkande handling kan betraktas som ringa enligt regleringen i SkolL.

[1] Högsta domstolens dom den 16 juni 2016 i mål nr T 2194-15.

Lag (2012:663) om ersättning på grund av övergrepp eller försummelser i samhällsvården av barn och unga i vissa fall tillkom för att ge ekonomisk ersättning till den som i samband med vården utsatts för övergreppen eller försummelserna av allvarlig art när personen varit omhändertagen för samhällsvård, under tidsperioden den 1 januari 1920 till och med den 31 december 1980. En särskild nämnd, Ersättningsnämnden, inrättades för att under åren 2013–2016 pröva om en sökande var berättigad till schablonbeloppet om 250 000 kr. Den svenska processen har väckt uppmärksamhet bl.a. p.g.a. den stora andelen avslag och de komplexa kriterierna för ersättning. I artikeln presenteras resultaten från ett tvärvetenskapligt historiskt-rättsvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt: Gränser för upprättelse: välfärdsstatens historiska ansvar i upprättelseprocesser riktade till offer för vanvård i fosterhem och barnhem. I fokus är glappet mellan den politiska avsikten, att skapa ett rättssäkert system för en generös ersättning, och utfallet av den rättsliga processen, som innebar att majoriteten av de sökande nekades ersättning. Förklaringen, menar författarna, står åtminstone delvis att finna i en sammanblandning av olika processformer och rättsprinciper. Detta kan relateras till en ojämn ansvarsfördelning mellan lagfarna ledamöter med expertis från allmän domstol respektive allmän förvaltningsdomstol. Framställningen tar avstamp i socialrättsligt reglerade förhållanden och spänner sedan över skadeståndsrätt, förvaltningsrätt, processrätt, barnrätt och mänskliga rättigheter.

Lag (2012:663) om ersättning på grund av övergrepp eller försummelser i samhällsvården av barn och unga i vissa fall tillkom för att ge ekonomisk ersättning till den som i samband med vården utsatts för övergrepp eller försummelser av allvarlig art när personen varit omhändertagen för samhällsvård, under tidsperioden den 1 januari 1920 till och med den 31 december 1980. En särskild nämnd, Ersättningsnämnden, inrättades för att under åren 2013–2016 pröva om en sökande var berättigad till schablonbeloppet om 250 000 kr. Den svenska processen har väckt uppmärksamhet bl.a. p.g.a. den stora andelen avslag och de komplexa kriterierna för ersättning. I artikeln presenteras resultaten från ett tvärvetenskapligt historiskt-rättsvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt: Gränserför upprättelse: välfärdsstatens historiska ansvar i upprättelseprocesser riktade till offer för vanvård i fosterhem och barnhem. I fokus är glappet mellan den politiska avsikten, att skapa ett rättssäkert system för en generös ersättning, och utfallet av den rättsliga processen, som innebar att majoriteten av de sökande nekades ersättning. Förklaringen, menar författarna, står åtminstone delvisatt finna i en sammanblandning av olika processformer och rättsprinciper. Detta kan relateras till en ojämn ansvarsfördelning mellan lagfarna ledamötermed expertis från allmän domstol respektive allmän förvaltningsdomstol.Framställningen tar avstamp i socialrättsligt reglerade förhållanden och spänner sedan över skadeståndsrätt, förvaltningsrätt, processrätt, barnrätt och mänskligarättigheter.

50404This article addresses the documentation and handling processes within the social services concerning applications of housing for homeless families with children, from the perspective of central articles of the Convention of the rights of the Child (UNCRC). Of particular interest is if or to what extent the children of the homeless families participate (article 12) during the application process and if an analysis of the best interest of the child (article 3) has been conducted. These two articles are essential keys for providing a children’s rights perspective and to initiate an analysis of the consequences for the involved children. For that purpose, we have analysed 270 social services files concerning applications for housing made by homeless families in Malmö during the year 2017 emanating from a R&D report of Malmö municipality. Our findings show that only very few files documented the voice and participation of the children in the homeless families and a complete analysis of what could be considered to be in the best interest of the child or children in the families were lacking in almost all files. We also found that parts of previous documentation were recycled and used in various situations without adaption and seemed to be more of standardized phrasing rather than a comprehensive analysis. There was also a use of internal authority checklists and guides when justifying and supporting the decisions made where families receiving such decisions probably did not get any wiser of such justifications.

A legtal investigation of the employer's responsibilities of the psychosocial work environment in Sweden.

In this article the historic development of the regulation regarding municipal family counseling is described and discussed with the help of Elinor Ostrom’s theory of the commons and polycentric governance. The article stems from the fact that licensed psychotherapists are not expected to keep patient journals when working in the municipal family counseling, even though the law imposes such a requirement. This deviation from the principle of legality is discussed in the article as an example of polycentric law.

Hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens rättsliga möjligheter att agera i enlighet med sin religion eller tro i arbetslivet har på senare år blivit föremål för såväl rättslig som politisk debatt. En särskilt debatterad fråga är huruvida hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal bör ges tillfälle att av religiösa skäl avstå från att medverka vid viss vård. I denna artikel behandlas s.k. samvetsklausuler, dvs. regler som ger hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal en rätt att befrias från att medverka vid eller utföra viss vård på grund av samvetsbetänkligheter. Fokus ligger på situationen när personal uttryckligen vägrar att medverka i abort­verksamhet, då abort många gånger beskrivs som en moraliskt känslig vårdåtgärd som kan ge upphov till samvetsbetänkligheter i större utsträckning än andra vårdåtgärder. Dessutom har flera europeiska länder infört samvets­klausuler i förhållande till just abort. Som exempel har både Norge och Danmark infört samvetsklausuler, vilket kortfattat behandlas. Därutöver redogörs för två aktuella fall vid svensk domstol om abortvägran och Europadomstolens inställning till samvetsklausuler.