This project is about commercial history use with educational purpose, focused on film and whether it contributes to students' knowledge or can only be seen as an entertaining break in the regular education. This project focused on two types of films, featured films and documentaries. The work process started with an idea of the theme film and got more focused by searching on different keywords to find academic texts. The purpose of this academic text is mainly to investigate the different sides of film as a pedagogical tool, with focus on history education. What does the research say about what challenges exist in using feature films and documentaries in the classroom, as well as what solutions exist to the challenges? And What does the research say about the areas in which feature films and documentaries can be used to strengthen history teaching? are the two questions this overview answers. The method used for this project was a systematic search of different keywords and the project is based on previous research.

The results shows that there are challenging aspects that need to be considered when using film in the classroom, for example watching a film can be time consuming. However there are solutions to the majority of the challenges. Other than that there are advantages with using film as a pedagogical tool in the history classroom since films can be used to develop source criticism, historical consciousness and historical empathy. Even the motivation and engagement increases when the students watch films. This text concludes that films can be beneficial if used in the best possible way.

The article argues that Jómsvíkinga saga, despite its mixed modality, should be included in Old Norse historiography. A comparison with kings’ sagas and legendary sagas — in this case Yngvars saga víðfǫrla — shows how these modes were used in Jómsvíkinga saga. The saga is often grouped with Orkneyinga saga and Færeyinga saga, which were also written around the year 1200; all deal in some way with the relationship between kings and aristocrats. The reason for this may be found in contemporary events: The Scandinavian kings were strengthening their position, while the aristocracy was trying to maintain its influence. Therefore, the sagas have also been called political sagas. The oldest extant versions of Jómsvíkinga saga contain the first part of the saga, which deals with the history of the Danish Kings; this shows that the saga was intended to be perceived as history. However, a later version (AM 510 4to) omits this part, which suggests that the historicity of the saga had eroded. The fact that Jómsvíkinga saga was incorporated into manuscripts containing legendary sagas also shows that the saga may have been valued for its entertaining plot and not because of its connections to real events and historical characters.

This article focuses on contextualizing the Sami (finnar) representations in Old Norse saga literature. The purpose is to show that the Sami representations reflect multi-layered Old Norse textual and oral traditions, and complex interaction between the Sami and the Norwegians in the Middle Ages. The stereotypes of the Sami tell us more about the society that created them than about real, historical events. We can be sure that behind them lie very mundane phenomena such as trade and marriages.

The ultimate goal of the article is therefore to reveal the multi-ethnic North that provided the background for the saga sources, a North whose history is not as homogeneous as sources suggest and quite unlike the modified version which found its way into the histories of nation states. The literary conventions of sagas are not just imaginary tales—their use in various contexts can reveal something essential in otherwise schematic images or configurations. Even researchers of the sagas have certain personal conceptions of what the “real” lives of the Sami were like at the time, and how the sagas depict this. In fact, they participate in a continuum of saga literature that generates representations of the Sami in history.

This book brings together life stories from five generations of Balts, living through the diverse and recurring transformations of the twentieth century: occupations, war, independence, totalitarianism, and democratic rule and market economy. The twentieth century history of the Baltic countries has often been deeply tragic. Lying on the coastline of the Baltic Sea, these rather small but strategically well located territories have historically found themselves in the middle of many power struggles between larger states, empires and other power-holders: the Teutonic Knights, Swedish kings, Tsarist Russia, Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union. Today, they are once again forced to stand up to the Russian Federation.

Biographical interviewing is a field focused on individuals, and on how those individuals choose to re-create and present their lived lives, make meaning of it through the narratives they tell. To interpret the biographical narrations of Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians, shaped by complex and controversial historical background, the authors use Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of social and cultural capitals, the principles of Erving Goffman’s framing analysis and Alessandro Portelli’s distinction of private and public spheres, Anton Steen’s investigations of post-Socialist elites and Piotr Sztompka’s theory of cultural trauma, etc. Given analyses of particular biographical narrations are supplemented by brief historical and sociological overviews, which allow the reader to better understand the contexts of lived lives, and the mental atmosphere in which the interviews were conducted.

This article introduces a variety of Romani groups living in Soviet Ukraine and their ways of life—sedentary, semi-nomadic and nomadic—highlighting that semi-nomadism is omitted category in scholarship even though most of the Roma in Soviet Ukraine maintained a semi-nomadic way of life. Through the discussion of the notion of nomadism, the research analyses how the Romani ways of life have changed over time from before and after the Second World War. Examining the Soviet policy towards the Roma in Soviet Ukraine (1930s–1950s), particularly, the creation of the kolkhoz system and the issue of the “Khrushchev Decree”, the paper argues that the changes in Romani ways of life occurred due to suppressive policies of the Soviet state directed to the forced sedentarisation of Roma.

In Africa, the spiritual power is at the center of everyday life, politics and religion. Whatcharacterizes this power, in most of the continent, is its recourse to magic and sorcery. This thesisintends to to understand, if and how, the manipulation of a magical and spiritual reality, might havehelped a dominant power in exercising an hegemonic control. Or on the contrary, to dismantle it.The analysis will focus on two main sources: an ethnographic work based in Congo and a medievalepic set in West Africa.

This piece of research examines how the speech Beyond Vietnam by Martin Luther King Jr. is framed by four newspapers in the United States. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the existing body of research in framing as a field of study in general. More specifically, the aim is to expand the existing literature on media research regarding Martin Luther King Jr. while he was alive. Entman’s definition of framing is operationalized through the use of a deductive method. The results show that King is framed in a negative manner. In terms of framing, Conflict Frame is the most common frame used by newspapers in response to King’s speech. This is most likely due to the cold war politics prevalent during this era. 

Artikeln belyser Erik Nydahls avhandling I fyrkens tid som tar avstamp i en omdiskuterad, om än relativt väl utforskad, fråga: hur formades svensk politisk kultur i övergången från jordbrukarsamhället till det moderna industrisamhället? Viktiga faktorer i det sammanhanget var att svensk industrialisering i många avseenden ägde rum utanför de framväxande storstadsregionerna, att jordbruksnäringen samtidigt spelade en fortsatt viktig roll under lång tid och att urbaniseringsprocessen internationellt sett var mera utdragen.

Bil- och containerbränder, stenkastning mot bussar, brand i en skola och en nedbrunnen restaurang. Så var läget i Botkyrka och Huddinge under några dagar i maj 2013. Det talades om kaos, ungdomsgäng, och attacker av högerextrema grupper. Det gjordes jämförelser med händelserna i Husby som startat två dagar tidigare. Civilsamhället reagerade snabbt och nattvandringar med föräldrar och andra vuxna organiserades. Myndigheternas krisberedskap var inte utvecklad och det hela uppfattades ibland som ”en blixt från klar himmel”. Poliskårens dubbla uppgift i form av närpolisens välvilliga kontakt och kravallstyrkornas repression väckte starka reaktioner som personal på ungdomsgårdarna fick hantera, och sedan uppmanades att inte tala om.

Vilka lärdomar kan vi dra av dessa händelser? Hur kan begreppet ”förort” ge kunskap om civilsamhället i bred bemärkelse?

I detta vittnesseminarium Brinner ”förorten”? berättar aktörer som var direkt inblandade vad de såg och hur de uppfattade händelserna på lokal nivå.

”Jag letade efter en mordängel och jag hittade en prislista.” Orden är journalisten Marciej Zarembas, en av deltagarna på det vittnesseminarium om vårdens marknadisering som hölls i Almedalen sommaren 2013 och som återges i denna skrift.

Marciej Zaremba, som hittat närmare 2 500 virtuella avtal och en modell av företagsliknande styrformer inom den offentliga vården, är övertygad om att prislistor, beting och vårdgarantier styckar upp vården i moment och diagnoser utan hänsyn till faktisk tid och resursåtgång, hänsyn till patentens behov eller vårdens kvalitet och utgång.

En annan av seminariedeltagarna, Klas Eklund, professor i nationalekonomi, menade istället att problemen handlade om patienters bristande valfrihet, statens ekonomiska problem och dåliga styrsystem i vården. De skulle lösas genom att vården drevs som ett företag med interndebitering och prislistor. Där skulle personalens initiativ kunna tas till vara och den solidariska sjukvårdsmodellen försvaras.

The aim of this thesis was to examine the 1970s democratisation and antidemocratisation processes in Thailand, more specifically the 1973 Thai popular uprising and the 6 October 1976 massacre. Its point of departure was Erica Chenoweth’s 2023 research on how societal pillars, if incentivised by activists, can realise democratisation and the research gap on media reports affecting people’s perception of protesters which she also addressed.  It also investigated the fine line between uncontroversial and controversial subjects in the context of protests and how to overthrow a régime using its weaknesses.

The methods which have been used are a combination of a qualitative research approach, a congruence method, process-tracing and a case study. Popovic and Miller’s method of choosing an uncontroversial subject when protesting and Sharp’s ideas about the Achilles’ heels of a régime were used as supplementary analytical frameworks.

The 1973 case resulted in democratisation taking place, partially due to the protesting students having King Bhumibol’s full support, partially due to the disunity of the Royal Thai Armed Forces (henceforth RTARF) and partially due to the ruling military junta’s failed attempts to, through media, manipulate the masses into turning their backs on the students.

The 1976 case, on the other hand, led to antidemocratisation, because of the general dissatisfaction with the achievements of democracy, King Bhumibol’s support of authoritarianism, the influence of right-wing media on its consumers and the police, military and paramilitary alliance crushing the pro-democratic demonstration at the Thammasat University campus and the Village Scouts’ subsequent antigovernment protest.  

The volume you hold in your hands (or have opened on your screen) is a result of the editors’ observations and perhaps initially also only of the assumption of a current shift in societal understandings of majorities and minorities. Groups we had so far thought of as part of the majority, as part of what in German is labelled the Mehrheitsgesellschaft, have recently positioned themselves as threatened mi-norities to claim rights. We are well aware that the we of the observer’s position is of special importance in such a statement and that such statements are funda-mentally bound to one’s own affiliations. This is certainly also true for William Davies, whom we cite here as an example, because he makes similar observations quite accurately and rightly refers to debates about recognition: “The struggle for recognition has turned into an arms race, in which majority cultural identities deploy the language of minority rights in their defence. In contexts such as Brexit, liberals have also engaged in demands for identity recognition, with street pro-tests, flags and claims of cultural marginalization.” (Davies 2021: 85) 

The editors of this volume have combined their expertise in discourse, contradiction, minority and diversity studies to suggest a change of perspective from categorisations into societal minorities and majorities towards an analysis of marginalising and centralising discourses. For this purpose, we have gathered interdisciplinary-minded authors from linguistics, literary and religious studies, political and historical sciences. Their contributions focus on contradictions of religious and national belonging as well as intersections of religion and nation in many different regions of the world from the 18th century until today. While illustrating the diversity and contradictions of religious and national belonging across time and space, the chapters of the book contribute to an understanding of the dynamics of questions of belonging and the associated constant renegotiations of power within these discursive processes.

Who were the non-Western women delegates who took part in the drafting of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) from 1945-1948? Which member states did these women represent, and in what ways did they push for a more inclusive language than "the rights of Man" in the texts? This book provides a gendered historical narrative of human rights from the San Francisco Conference in 1945 to the final vote of the UDHR in the United Nations General Assembly in December 1948. It highlights the contributions by Latin American feminist delegates, and the prominent non-Western female representatives from new member states of the UN.

De fleste studier om jøder, muslimer og kristne i middelalderens Europa fokuserer på de områder, hvor de levede sammen. Behandlingen af de ikke-kristne i de komplekse spændinger mellem kirken og de sekulære myndigheder danner kernen i disse studier, som fx sigter på at undersøge de spontane udbrud af antijødisk vold i dele af Central- og Vesteuropa eller virkeligheden bag den fredelige sameksistens, ”convivencia”, i Spanien. Følgerne af bl.a. korstogene, pesten, økonomisk nedtur samt politisk og social uro i disse områder regnes som de vigtigste faktorer i de skiftende forhold mellem de tre grupper naboer. Forholdene påvirkede også de skriftlige fremstillinger, da litteratur i middelalderen ligesom nu var et af de vigtigste midler, hvorved man udtrykte sin verdensopfattelse og skabte mening og struktur i det omkringliggende samfund. Disse tekster giver en et vigtigt indblik i, hvordan kristne europæere tænkte og hvad der optog dem.

The article examines the portrayal of Jews in medieval texts written in Danish before 1515. It begins by describing the theological basis for and creation of a ‘fantasy Jew’. The perception of Jews was fundamentally shaped by the idea that they had tortured and killed the Christian messiah. Devotional texts, sermons and Passion stories which describe the Jews as Christ killers are therefore discussed in detail, and the image of the deicide Jew in vernacular texts is shown to be malleable and changing. The image of the violent Jew who tortured and killed Jesus was used to arouse empathy among readers and to chastise them for being too like the Jews by behaving sinfully. Other Jewish ‘types’ that occur in the material are also investigated: effeminate, Satanic and usurious Jews as well as comparisons with animals. The preliminary results of an investigation into the type of language that was used to shape the image of Jews show that certain ‘negative’ words were used disproportionately more frequently in descriptions of Jews than of non-Jews. This suggests a powerful association between such words and the perception of Jews — a connection that was supported and further enhanced through religious art and theatre. The article concludes by noting what is missing in the extant material and what this might tell us about medieval Danish attitudes towards Jews.

Between the Viking Age and the Middle Ages, there was a noticeable change in relations between Scandinavia and the Islamic world – the sources point to a shift from travel and trade to hostility and war. Muslims did not settle in the North until the eighteenth century, and during the Middle Ages there was little contact between Scandinavians and ‘real’ Muslims. So how did Danes and Swedes imagine and describe this Other? Is there anything unusual or unexpected about the portrayal of Muslims? How does this image compare to that of the other great religious opponent, the Jew? By investigating East Norse devotional texts, travel literature, saints’ lives, romances and accounts of Ottoman warfare, this paper aims to draw out some of the major themes in medieval Scandinavian descriptions of Muslims and Islam.

Published in 1516, Poul Ræff's Iudeorum Secreta, a translation of Johannes Pfefferkorn's The Conlession of the Jews, was a landmark in the development of anti-Jewish polemics in Denmark.

For the first time, Danes were presented with descriptions of Jewish ceremonies that aimed to portray these practices as dangerously anti-Christian, superstitious and deviating from 'real' Biblical Judaism. Contemporary Judaism is described as a rabbinical construction that is worthy of nothing but ridicule and mockery.  Lessons in Contempt explores this key text that comprises a valuable source for a range of academic disciplines: the history of antisemitism, the study of Jewish-Christian relations, social history, the history of religious culture, and medieval and early modern Danish language and literature.

This book includes an outline of how Jews were portrayed in medieval Danish vernacular literature; a description of Pfefferkorn's life and works; a discussion of Ræff's translation and publication of Iudeorum Secreta; a presentation of the language and style of the Danish version, as well as an edition of the text together with the Latin original, an English translation and an extensive commentary.

Medieval Sermon Studies (MSS) is published annually under the auspices of the International Medieval Sermon Studies Society. This refereed journal features insightful articles on sermon studies and related areas; reviews; sermon transcriptions; and information about work in progress are also included. MSS is an essential resource not only for sermon specialists but also for researchers working in the field of religious culture, history, and literature. It has a world-wide circulation among eminent academics and institutional subscribers.

Editors: Jonathan Adams and Ralf Lützelschwab

CONTENTS 

Editorial

Society News

Conference News

Articles:

Rêves et visions dans le Liber de exemplis et similitudinibus rerum de Jean de San Gimignano; Franco Morenzoni

Girolamo Savonarola’s Critique of Astrology through the De doctrina Aristotelis; Lorenza Tromboni

Robert Rypon and the Creation of London, British Library, MS Harley 4894: A Master Preacher and his Sermon Collection; Holly Johnson

The Elephant In and Out of the Room: Remigio dei Girolami’s Responses to Charles de Valois; Teresa Rupp

The Critical Edition of the Medieval Waldensian Sermons; Andrea Giraudo

Reviews:

Jonathan Adams and Jussi Hanska, eds, The Jewish-Christian Encounter in Medieval Preaching (Cordelia Heß); Nirit Ben-Aryeh Debby, The Cult of St Clare of Assisi in Early Modern Italy (Pietro Delcorno); Pietro Delcorno, Lazzaro e il ricco epulone. Metamorfosi di una parabola fra Quattro e Cinquecento (Jussi Hanska); Jean Longère, Iacobi de Vitriaco sermones vulgares vel ad status. Prologus, I–XXXVI (Marjorie Burghart); Maria Giuseppina Muzzarelli, From Words to Deeds. The Effectiveness of Preaching in the Late Middle Ages (Ralf Lützelschwab); Daniele Solvi, L’agiografia su Bernardino santo (1450–1460) (Pietro Delcorno).

Medieval Sermon Studies (MSS) is published annually under the auspices of the International Medieval Sermon Studies Society. This refereed journal features insightful articles on sermon studies and related areas; reviews; sermon transcriptions; and information about work in progress are also included. MSS is an essential resource not only for sermon specialists but also for researchers working in the field of religious culture, history, and literature. It has a world-wide circulation among eminent academics and institutional subscribers.

CONTENTS

Editorial

Society News

Conference News

Articles:

Medieval Sermon Studies since The Sermon: A Deepening and Broadening Field; Anne Thayer

A Witness to the Early Reception of Bonaventure’s Collationes in Hexaemeron: Nicholas of Ockham’s Leccio at Oxford (c. 1286) — Introduction and Text; Joshua Benson

The Bildungsroman of an Anonymous Franciscan Preacher in Late Medieval Italy (Biblioteca Comunale di Foligno, MS C. 85); Yoko Kimura

Legal Frameworks in the Sermons of Caesarius of Arles; Igor Filippov

Reviews:

Alexander Andrée, ed. and trans., Christopherus Laurentii de Holmis, Sermones, Disputatio in vesperiis et Recommendatio in aula. Academic Sermons and Exercises from the University of Leipzig, 1435–1438 (Georg Strack); Claes Gejrot and Erika Kihlman, ed. and trans., Bero Magni de Ludosia, Sermones et Collationes. Sermons from the University of Vienna in the Mid-Fifteenth Century (Georg Strack); Timothy J. Johnson, Franciscans and Preaching: Every Miracle from the Beginning of the World Came about through Words (Neslihan Şenocak); Thom Mertens and others, eds, The Last Judgement in Medieval Preaching (Virginia Langum); Stephen Morrison, ed., A Late Fifteenth-Century Dominical Sermon Cycle Edited from Bodleian Library MS E Musaeo 180 and Other Manuscripts (Matti Peikola); Martha W. Driver and Veronica O’Mara, eds, Preaching the Word in Manuscript and Print in Late Medieval England: Essays in Honour of Susan Powell (Phyllis B. Roberts); Lorenza Tromboni, ed., Inter omnes Plato et Aristoteles: gli appunti filosofici di Girolamo Savonarola (Eleonora Lombardo)

I denna undersökning har syftet varit att undersöka historieskrivningen och textens struktur i tre olika historiska läroböcker om den europeiska stormaktstiden. Utefter textens narrativa struktur har det varit möjligt att undersöka vilken mening som förmedlas i läroböckerna. Jag har tillämpat ett tema kring makt och maktförhållanden för att kunna resonera kring läroböckernas övergripande mening. Resultatdelen i undersökningen innefattas av en redogörelse för de olika infallsvinklarna som tas i läroböckerna. Eftersom läroböckerna inte är upplagda på samma sätt stötte jag på ett metodologiskt problem, där infallsvinklarna skiljer sig ganska mycket från varandra. Tabellerna används som ett komplement för att indelningen ska bli tydligare, med hjälp av dessa har jag radat upp vad som får störst utrymme i respektive lärobok. Tabellerna används också i den andra delen av resultatavsnittet där maktförhållanden diskuteras. Maktförhållandena och drivkrafter till makt har kommit att spela en viktig roll i undersökningen eftersom detta tema präglar samtliga texter. Valet av tema har känts relevant för en undersökning om texter som behandlar europeisk stormaktstid eftersom denna period präglades av en maktkamp mellan de europeiska stormakterna.

Infallsvinklarna skiljer sig åt i de olika läroböckerna, och det har visat sig att de har fått stor betydelse för läroböckernas meningsskapande. Graninger & Tägil lade upp texten utefter fyra olika stater: Tyskland, England, Frankrike och Sverige. I denna uppdelning fick Sverige störst plats, fokuset låg på både inrikes-och utrikespolitik. Krigen står i fokus i denna historiska framställning, och de maktförhållanden som presenteras var i huvudsak mellan de olika stormakterna. I denna bok förmedlas en bild av ett Europa i ständigt krig med pågående maktkamper. Brolin, Dannert & Holmberg ger Sverige och framför allt Frankrike stort fokus, och även de olika staternas relation till varandra. Denna lärobok fokuserar på att ge bakgrund till de olika händelserna, snarare än åt att utförligt förklara olika händelser. I denna lärobok ligger fokuserat snarare på att beskriva hur ett envälde kom att uppstå och fungera. Ekonomiska aspekter får stort utrymme, framför allt kopplade till Frankrike. Eftersom Frankrike får så stort utrymme i läroboken blir resultatet att Frankrike framställs som Europas absolut mäktigaste land, de andra stormakterna hamnar lite i skymundan och framställs som att de ständigt behöver förhålla sig till Frankrike. Hildingson & Samuelson har en del likheter med Brolin mfl. i sin framställning. Frankrike hamnar även här i fokus. Brolin mfl. redogör däremot för bakgrunden till olika skeenden i mycket högre utsträckning än Hildingson & Samuelson. Maktförhållandena som framkommer i denna bok utgår från Frankrike och Frankrikes relation till andra stater.

I undersökningen blev det tydligt att textens struktur har en stor påverkan på vilken mening som förmedlas. Graninger & Tägil visar exempel på detta, texten lägger stort fokus på krig, och konflikter mellan olika stater, den är således ganska ensidig i sin framställning. Det blir då naturligt att den mening som förmedlas av läroboken har att göra med ett Europa i kris med ständiga krig. Samma princip gäller Hildingson & Samuelson som redogör för Colbert och ekonomins utveckling i Europa, och hur detta påverkade Europa. Resultatet blir att Frankrike framställs som Europas mittpunkt, som grunden till ekonomisk utveckling och kärnan för makt. Texterna består av olika byggstenar som på olika sätt påverkar den mening som förmedlas, där det ekonomiska perspektivet och Colbert är ett exempel på detta. I Graninger & Tägil är det extra tydligt hur maktförhållandena och infallsvinklarna med fokus på krig och konflikter går hand i hand med meningen som förmedlas kring ett kaotiskt Europa.

Tidigare forskning har fastslagit att det finns en tendens att porträttera Sverige som en moraliskt överlägsen stat i förhållande till andra stater, och att det går att utläsa ett underliggande syfte i de historiska framställningarna i läroböcker, som grundar sig i olika drivkrafter. Ammert menar på att de historiska läroböckerna från 80-talet fokuserade mycket på “vanliga människors liv”. Dessa slutsatser går inte direkt att bekräfta i denna undersökning. En problematik som uppstår har att göra med avgränsningen förundersökningen. Med tanke på att det endast är vissa delar som har plockats ut ur läroböckerna för undersökningen finns det en möjlighet att resterande delar av läroböckerna bekräftar den tidigare forskningens resultat. I undersökningen är det inte möjligt att påstå att någon av läroböckerna förmedlar en mening kring att Sverige skulle vara moraliskt överlägset andra stater. Det finns inte heller någon stark nationalistisk underton, som Danielsson Malmros menar på att det fanns i äldre läroböcker. Det är istället makten somstår i centrum snarare än moralen, på grund av detta kom maktförhållandena att spela en viktig roll.

När det kommer till skildringarna av “vanliga människors liv”, är detta inte något som fick särskilt mycket plats. Periodisering är dock något som tillämpats i läroböckerna, det finns dock en avsaknad på kvalitativ periodisering där människor som kollektiv står i centrum snarare än individer. De olika aktörerna står i centrum för skildringarna, framför allt i Hildingson & Samuelson 1982, och Brolin mfl. 1981. Detta aktörsperspektiv går samman med temat kring makt, eftersom de aktörer som står i centrum skildras som starka makthavare. I Graninger & Tägil gavs Sverige stort utrymme, texterna innefattas till större del av skildringar av vanliga människor jämfört med Brolin mfl. och Hildingson & Samuelson. Med denna undersökning önskar jag bidra till forskningsläget kring läroböckers narrativa struktur och meningsskapande. Genom att redovisa hur textens struktur är uppbyggd i dessa tre slumpvis valda läroböcker, vill jag belysa att och hur läroböcker som gavs ut under samma tidsperiod kan förmedla olika mening på olika sätt baserat på hur texten är uppbyggd och var fokuset i texten ligger. Jag har en förhoppning om att denna undersökning öppnar uppför ny forskning om historieskrivning och meningsskapande. Ett förslag är att utforska jämförelser mellan äldre läroböcker och nutida läroböcker, och undersöka hur den mening som förmedlas skiljer sig åt.

This thesis explores the Swedish Institute’s construction of a national narrative of Sweden and the war and how it changed over time by comparing three time periods, 1939-1945, 1946-1959, 1960-1969. The adapting narrative of World War II serves to illustrate changes in the Swedish Institute’s projected Swedish identity, focusing on neutrality as an intrinsic component. Creating a national narrative to compliment Sweden’s image served to strengthen Sweden’s international reputation. Thus the Swedish Institute’s narrative of Sweden and the war adjusts according to the changing contexts. Ultimately the Swedish Institute constructed a narrative that was complimentary to the image of Sweden they intended to promote internationally.

Trots mot domstolsbeslut i en rad kyrkoärenden har föranlett Riksantikvarieämbetet att göra regeringen uppmärksam på uppenbara brister i lagstiftningen. Starkare regler behövs för att markera att även församlingarnas verksamhet står under lagarna.

För att få en mer komplex och verklig bild av tidigare samhällen måste vi inkludera variationer på sexualitet och genuspresentation. Kärlek mellan kvinnor är ofta förbisett av historiker och har studerats mycket lite inom Sverige. Denna undersökning fokuserar på ordet “lesbisk” under perioden 1850-1950, under vilken det gick från att vara ett av flera termer för kärlek mellan kvinnor till att bli det vanligaste ordet för kvinnlig homosexualitet. Undersökningen belyser hur kärlek mellan kvinnor konceptualiseras i svensk populärkultur genom en begreppshistorisk analys av ordet “lesbisk”s användning i svenska dagstidningar.

Källmaterialet samlas genom sökning på termen “lesbi*” i Kungliga Bibliotekets tidningsdatabas, där de artiklar som ger homosexuell mening till ordet “lesbisk” sorteras ut. Analysen genomförs genom både en översiktlig kategorisering av de olika sätt ordet används - i kategorierna lesbisk kärlek, lesbisk kvinna, lesbisk böjelse och Sapfo - samt genom djupare textanalys av de mer textrika artiklarna i källmaterialet.

Resultaten visar på en stadig ökning i användningen av ordet “lesbisk” under perioden, samt att benämningar av kvinnlig samkönad sexualitet förekom betydligt tidigare än vad tidigare forskning visar; den tidigaste användningen i detta källmaterial är från 1842. Innehållsmässigt användes “lesbisk” främst i negativa sammanhang eller konnotationer och konceptet i sig separeras även ofta från personer och används istället kopplat till sexualitet och platser den utövas på. Sättet lesbiskhet diskuterades under den tidigare delen av undersökningsperioden indikerar att det skedde fler diskussioner om kvinnlig homosexualitet än vad sökningen kunde fånga upp, då de ofta använde vaga ordval och antydningar istället för explicita termer som “lesbisk”.

The study examines the occurrence of children born out of wedlock in four parishes belonging to the current Karlskrona municipality during the period 1875–1925. The parishes surveyed are Fridlevstad, Rödeby, Tving and Karlskrona city-parish. The period is divided into two parts where the first includes the years 1875–1890 and the second part includes the years 1910–1925. The proportion of children with unknown/known fathers, the mothers' occupations, the fathers' occupations, and the mothers' age are also used as survey variables.

The proportion of known fathers increases significantly between the study periods, which could be explained by a reduced internal social control, while the study shows that the introduction of a child welfare officer in 1918 resulted in an increased proportion of known fathers.

The mothers' occupational designations change between the periods, for example, the proportion of maids decreases while other occupations are added. In the city-parish, professions such as washerwoman and waitress are added during the second period. The proportion of women working in the industry also increases between the survey periods. The increased proportion of professions, especially in the city-parish, could be linked to the demographic transition. As more people settle in a city, new needs emerge and thus also new occupational categories. The age of the mothers decreases between the study periods.

When it comes to class affiliation, it can be noted that most of the fathers and mothers belonged to the working class. However, the proportion of fathers belonging to the middle class was higher than the proportion of mothers belonging to the middle class.

Olika vetenskaper har olika sätt och möjligheter att föra ut sina forskningsresultat. I några fall, exempelvis i filosofin eller i högre matematik kan möjligheterna vara obefintliga. Dessa ämnen kännetecknas av en forskning på hög abstraktionsnivå och frånvaron av källmaterial. Kunskaper av denna typ blir givetvis svåra att föra ut till en bredare allmänhet. Bland de humanistiska vetenskaperna finns det sådana med ett konkret källmaterial, exempelvis litteraturvetenskap, konstvetenskap, etnologi, arkeologi eller historia. Källmaterialet i dessa ämnen är forskningens underlag, men också en slags allmängods; oavsett vad vetenskapsmannen tycker kan vi bilda oss en egen uppfattning om en Picassotavla, en Strindbergpjäs eller ett svärd från vikingatiden. Dessa vetenskaper - med sitt mycket konkreta källmaterial - bidrar till att konstituera historieuppfattningar och kulturella normer i samhället.

This bachelor thesis in history consists of a case study of Per Olov Enquist’s documentary novel

Legionärerna, which examines the Swedish extradition of Baltic soldiers after the Second

World War. The intent of the study is to survey the novel’s use of history from a literary

dimension. It does so by applying the typology of Hayden White, his poetics of history. This

conceptual framework historicizes the historical writing by clarifying how the historical dictum

is constructed in similar manner as fiction, and therefore dependent of its’ author. The result

shows that Enquist uses the history – is constructing it – to object how one earlier has talked

about the extradition by satire previous accounts and by reasoning contextual how one, instead,

should understand the same historical phenomenon. These two aspects are linked to a third, viz,

Enquist’s Maoist political stance.

This important reference textbook covers the surgical management of all major orthopaedic and traumatological conditions. The book will act as the major source of education and guidance in surgical practice for surgeons and trainees, especially those preparing for higher surgical examinations and the Board of Orthopaedics and Traumatology examinations within and beyond Europe. The emphasis throughout is on the application of current knowledge and research to technical problems, how to avoid operative problems, and how to salvage complications if they occur. The didactic text is complemented by abundant illustrations that highlight the essentials of each clinical scenario. The authors are all recognized international authorities active at congresses and workshops as well as in universities and hospitals across the world. ​

I uppsatsen undersöks de uppfattningar om ryska revolutionen, den efterföljande utvecklingen och Sovjetunionens grundande som kom till uttryck i den konsevativa idé- och debattorganet Svensk tidskrift under åren 1917-1926. Undersökningen har hämtat sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i den poskoloniala teorins område.

Tre övergripande teman kan sägas ha identifierats som särskilt betydelsefulla inom den konservativa diskussionen: föreställningen om det specifikt ryska i revolutionen, idén om den ryska historiens kontinuitet, samt föreställningen om Ryssland som ett historiskt, samtida och framtida hot. Dessa ingick i den konservativa uppfattningen om Ryssland som den främmande "diskursive Andre".

The thesis considers three women conferences arranged by the National Council of Women of Sweden (NCWS) in Stockholm at the turn of the 20th century. NCWS was a branch of the International Council of Women and at its height it was an umbrella-organisation for about forty Swedish women organisations. The focus is on the role of the conferences as arenas for women who wanted to prove their ability and competence in society. The content, the form and the function of the conferences are analysed.

The question whether the conferences arranged by the NCWS reflected the ideas, dilemmas and strategies of the bourgeois women’s movement is addressed. A larger historical development is illuminated – the formation of the bourgeois women movements for the public sphere in the process of modernity. The thesis explores different theories and shows how the concepts of class, gender, public sphere, modernity and trans-nationalism were dealt with at the conferences.

The women conferences have been treated as manifestations; as a quintessence of the ideas and ambitions of the movement. The thesis asserts that the ideology of the movements was formulated and expressed not only in spoken words, but also in festivities, symbols and sisterhood. The class identity was manifested in the form of which the conferences were conducted. On the one hand, the conference women showed loyalty to the conservative society and the rigid class position. On the other hand, the conference initiators wanted to improve women’s opportunities of becoming citizens and to move the boarders between the public and the private. Ideologies such as Internationalism and Scandinavism became important in creating a collective identity.